Composite panel
Composite panel, particularly for forming roof panels of cars and/or industrial vehicles, and method of manufacturing the composite panel, which composite panel includes a core of foamed material, at least one skin layer of nonwoven material, and at least one connecting layer between the core of foamed material and the skin layer of nonwoven material.
1. Composite panel comprising: a core layer, which comprises cross-linked foamed polyolefin; wherein the cross-linked foamed polyolefin comprises high-density polyethylene (HDPE); and
a reinforcing layer on at least one of two faces of the core layer, wherein the reinforcing layer comprises a first non-woven layer comprising unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polyester fibers and a non-woven web of randomly-oriented fibers; and
the first non-woven layer and the non-woven web are joined together by at least one layer comprising a second thermoplastic polymer, which has a lower softening temperature than a first softening temperature of the unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polymer fibers, such that the reinforcing layer is in the form of a sheet having said layers of fibers joined together by the second thermoplastic polymer with a three-dimensional fiber structure comprising a first side with randomly-oriented fibers and a second opposite side with unidirectionally-oriented fibers; and
the composite panel has a total weight of less than 950 g/m 2 , a total thickness of less than 6.5 mm and a deflection value of less than 5 mm.
2. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein said core layer comprises the HDPE in an amount ranging from 20 to 40% by weight of total weight of the core layer.
3. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein the softening temperature of the second thermoplastic polymer ranges from 80 to 120° C. and the first softening temperature is at least 230° C.
4. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing layer has a weight ratio of the unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polyester fibers to the second thermoplastic polymer of 0.6:1 to 1:1.
5. The composite panel according to claim 1 , comprising one or more of said reinforcing layers successively overlapped on both faces of said core layer.
6. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein the unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polyester fibers and the randomly-oriented fibers are embedded into a matrix of the second thermoplastic polymer.
7. The composite panel of claim 6 , wherein the matrix of the second thermoplastic polymer adheres to the core layer.
8. The composite panel according to claim 1 , further comprising an additional layer of a plastic material on an additional face of said first layer of unidirectionally-oriented fibers that does not face towards said core layer.
9. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein the unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polyester fibers comprise polyethylene terephthalate fibers.
10. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein said first non-woven layer further comprises glass fibers.
11. The composite panel according to claim 10 , wherein said glass fibers are sealed within said first non-woven layer by covering said first non-woven layer with a thermoplastic resin.
12. The composite panel according to claim 7 , wherein the randomly-oriented fibers comprise basalt fibers.
13. The composite panel according to claim 12 , wherein said basalt fibers are chopped.
14. The composite panel according to claim 12 , wherein and said first non-woven layer comprises polyester fibers and glass fibers, said first non-woven layer and said non-woven web being joined together by the second thermoplastic polymer to form a three-dimensional fiber structure comprising randomly-oriented fibers on a first side and unidirectionally-oriented fibers on an opposite side.
15. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the reinforcing layers successively overlap both faces of said core layer; each first non-woven layer being covered on a side that does not face towards said core layer with the non-woven web, the first non-woven layer and the non-woven web layers in the reinforcing layer on both sides of said core layer being joined together and to the core layer by the second thermoplastic polymer.
16. The composite panel according to claim 6 , further comprising a bonding agent for adhesion between said core layer and said second thermoplastic polymer.
17. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein said core layer has a basis weight of less than 100 g/m 2 ; the first non-woven layer has a basis weight of less than 150 g/m 2 ; and the non-woven web has a basis weight of less than 140 g/m 2 .
18. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein the layer comprising the second thermoplastic polymer has a basis weight of less than 70 g/m 2 .
19. The composite panel according to claim 1 , wherein said second thermoplastic polymer comprises a polyolefin.
20. The composite panel of claim 6 , wherein the reinforcing layer comprises a layer of unidirectionally-oriented, continuous polyester fibers embedded into the polymer matrix, which includes thermoplastic polyolefin; wherein the thermoplastic polyolefin is adhered to the core layer.
21. The composite panel of claim 20 wherein the cross-linked foamed polyolefin comprises 20 to 40% by weight of the HDPE; the polyester fibers comprise polyethylene terephthalate fibers; and the thermoplastic polyolefin comprises polypropylene.
22. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing layer comprises a second layer including randomly-oriented basalt fibers and the first non-woven layer including unidirectionally-oriented thermoplastic polyester fibers reinforced with unidirectionally-oriented glass fibers.
23. The composite panel of claim 22 wherein the thermoplastic polyester fibers and glass fibers are embedded into a polymer matrix of the second thermoplastic polymer; and the polymer matrix is adhered to the core layer.
24. The composite panel of claim 22 wherein the polyester fibers comprise polyethylene terephthalate fibers; the thermoplastic polyolefin comprises polypropylene; and the core layer comprises the HDPE in an amount ranging from 20 to 40% by weight of total weight of the core layer.
25. Composite panel comprising: a cross-linked foamed polyolefin core layer; and a reinforcing layer on at least one of two faces of the core layer, the reinforcing layer comprising a first non-woven layer, which comprises unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polyester fibers reinforced with unidirectionally-oriented glass fibers, and a non-woven web of randomly-oriented fibers;
wherein the first non-woven layer and the non-woven web are embedded into a matrix of a second thermoplastic polymer having a lower softening temperature than the softening temperature of the unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polyester fibers; and
the composite panel has a total weight of less than 950 g/m 2 , a total thickness of less than 6.5 mm and a deflection value of less than 5 mm.
26. The composite panel of claim 25 , comprising one or more of the reinforcing layers successively overlapped on both faces of the core layer.
27. The composite panel of claim 25 , wherein the composite panel a deflection value of less than 3.5 mm.
28. The composite panel of claim 27 , wherein the thermoplastic polyester fibers have a softening temperature of at least 230° C.
29. The composite panel of claim 25 , wherein the cross-linked foamed polyolefin comprises 20 to 40% by weight high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and the core layer has a basis weight of less than 100 g/m 2 ; the first non-woven layer has a basis weight of less than 150 g/m 2 ; and the non-woven web has a basis weight of less than 140 g/m 2 .
30. The composite panel of claim 25 , wherein the unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polyester fibers comprise polyethylene terephthalate fibers; and the second thermoplastic polymer comprises polypropylene.
31. Composite panel comprising: a cross-linked foamed polyolefin core layer, which comprises 20 to 40 wt. % HDPE and has a basis weight of less than 100 g/m 2 ; and
a reinforcing layer on at least one of two faces of the core layer,
the reinforcing layer comprising a non-woven layer, which has a basis weight of less than 150 g/m 2 and comprises unidirectionally-oriented continuous thermoplastic polyester fibers reinforced with unidirectionally-oriented glass fibers, and a non-woven web of randomly-oriented fibers having a basis weight of less than 140 g/m 2 ;
wherein the first non-woven layer and the non-woven web are embedded into a thermoplastic polyolefin matrix adhered to the core layer; and
the composite panel has a total weight of less than 950 g/m 2 , a total thickness of less than 6.5 mm and a deflection value of less than 5 mm.
32. The composite panel of claim 31 , wherein the thermoplastic polyolefin matrix comprises polypropylene, the thermoplastic polyester fibers comprise polyethylene terephthalate fibers; and the randomly-oriented fibers comprise basalt fibers.
33. The composite panel of claim 31 , wherein the each reinforcing layer is in the form of a sheet having said layers of fibers joined together by the thermoplastic polyolefin matrix to form a three-dimensional fiber structure comprising a first side with randomly-oriented fibers and a second opposite side with unidirectionally-oriented fibers.
34. The composite panel of claim 33 , wherein the composite panel has a reinforcing layer adhered to each face of the core layer such that the first side of the reinforcing layer with the randomly-oriented fibers facing towards the core layer.