Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus that are excellent in charging properties and can suppress residual potential in the case where a strontium titanate particle is used as a metal oxide particle in an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic photosensitive member in which an undercoat layer contains a strontium titanate particle having a maximum peak at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 (θ represents a Bragg angle) in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern, the maximum peak having a half-value width of 0.10 deg or more and 0.50 deg or less, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising: a support; an undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer in the mentioned order, wherein
the undercoat layer comprises a binder resin and a strontium titanate particle,
the strontium titanate particle has a maximum peak at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 (θ represents a Bragg angle) in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern, and
a half-value width of the maximum peak is 0.10 deg or more and 0.50 deg or less.
2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a primary particle of the strontium titanate particle has a number average particle diameter of 10 nm or more and 150 nm or less.
3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the half-value width is 0.23 deg or more.
4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a primary particle of the strontium titanate particle has a number average particle diameter of 10 nm or more and 95 nm or less.
5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the strontium titanate particle is surface-treated with a surface treating agent.
6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 5 , wherein the surface treating agent is a silane coupling agent.
7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 6 , wherein the silane coupling agent is a silane coupling agent comprising at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, amino groups and halogen atoms.
8. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the undercoat layer comprises an electron accepting substance.
9. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the undercoat layer comprises at least one compound selected from groups represented by the following formulas (1) and (2):
wherein R a1 to R a8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a phenyl group or an amino group;
wherein R b1 to R b10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a phenyl group or an amino group.
10. A process cartridge integrally supporting: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit and a cleaning unit, the process cartridge being detachably attachable to an electrophotographic apparatus main body, wherein
the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises: a support; an undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer in the mentioned order,
the undercoat layer comprises a binder resin and a strontium titanate particle,
the strontium titanate particle has a maximum peak at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 (θ represents a Bragg angle) in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern, and
a half-value width of the maximum peak is 0.10 deg or more and 0.50 deg or less.
11. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: a photoelectric photosensitive member; a charging unit; an exposing unit; a developing unit; and a transfer unit, wherein
the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises: a support; an undercoat layer; and
a photosensitive layer in the mentioned order,
the undercoat layer comprises a binder resin and a strontium titanate particle,
the strontium titanate particle has a maximum peak at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 (θ represents a Bragg angle) in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern, and
a half-value width of the maximum peak is 0.10 deg or more and 0.50 deg or less.
12. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 11 , comprising as the charging unit: a charging roller disposed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member so as to be in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and the charging roller that charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member by applying only direct-current voltage to the charging roller.