Automatic transmission
Provided is an automatic transmission including: an input section to which power generated by a drive source is input; an output section configured to output a drive force; and a gear shifting mechanism configured to change a gear ratio. The power is input to the input section without intervention of a hydraulic power transmission device. The gear shifting mechanism includes a predetermined frictional engagement element for achieving a starting gear ratio of a vehicle. The frictional engagement element includes: a plurality of friction plates arranged with clearances therebetween; a piston movable between a releasing position where the friction plates are brought into a released state, and an engaging position where the friction plates are brought into an engaged state by pressing the friction plates; and an urging mechanism configured to urge the piston so that the piston abuts against the friction plates and the clearances are reduced.
1. An automatic transmission for a vehicle, comprising: an input section to which power generated by a drive source is input; an output section configured to output a drive force; and a gear shifting mechanism configured to change a gear ratio between the input section and the output section, the power being input to the input section without intervention of a hydrodynamic power transmission device, the gear shifting mechanism including a predetermined frictional engagement element for achieving a starting gear ratio of the vehicle, and the predetermined frictional engagement element including: a plurality of friction plates arranged with clearances therebetween; a piston movable between a releasing position where the friction plates are brought into a released state, and an engaging position where the friction plates are brought into an engaged state by pressing the friction plates; and a first spring and a second spring configured to directly contact and urge the piston toward the engaging position, then the second spring separating from the piston prior to the first spring engaging the friction plates.
2. The automatic transmission according to claim 1 , wherein
the urging mechanism is formed of a compression coil spring, and is arranged on a surface of the piston which is opposite to a surface opposed to the friction plates.
3. The automatic transmission according to claim 2 , further comprising:
an engaging hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the engaging position; and
a hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the engaging hydraulic pressure chamber, wherein
when the vehicle is stopped, the hydraulic pressure control section brings the engaging hydraulic pressure chamber into a state in which a hydraulic pressure lower than an engaging hydraulic pressure for producing the engaged state is supplied thereto.
4. The automatic transmission according to claim 3 , wherein:
the starting gear ratio is achieved by the predetermined frictional engagement element and another frictional engagement element; and
when the vehicle is stopped, the hydraulic pressure control section brings the other frictional engagement element into a state in which the engaging hydraulic pressure is supplied thereto.
5. The automatic transmission according to claim 4 , wherein
when the vehicle is started from a stopped state, the hydraulic pressure control section causes the engaging hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the engaging hydraulic pressure chamber.
6. The automatic transmission according to claim 5 , wherein:
the gear shifting mechanism is a stepped gear shifting mechanism ranging from a first gear position at which the starting gear ratio is achieved to an N-th gear position at which a top speed gear ratio is achieved;
the predetermined frictional engagement element is continuously brought into the engaged state from the first gear position to an (N−A)th gear position; and
the other frictional engagement element is brought into the engaged state from the first gear position to an (N−B)th gear position (provided that B>A).
7. The automatic transmission according to claim 6 , further comprising:
a releasing hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the releasing position; wherein
the hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber, and
when the piston is moved toward the releasing position, the hydraulic pressure control section causes a hydraulic pressure at least greater than an urging force of the urging mechanism to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber.
8. The automatic transmission according to claim 2 , further comprising:
a releasing hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the releasing position; and
a hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber, wherein
when the piston is moved toward the releasing position, the hydraulic pressure control section causes a hydraulic pressure at least greater than an urging force of the urging mechanism to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber.
9. The automatic transmission according to claim 3 , wherein
when the vehicle is started from a stopped state, the hydraulic pressure control section causes the engaging hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the engaging hydraulic pressure chamber.
10. The automatic transmission according to claim 9 , wherein:
the gear shifting mechanism is a stepped gear shifting mechanism ranging from a first gear position at which the starting gear ratio is achieved to an N-th gear position at which a top speed gear ratio is achieved;
the predetermined frictional engagement element is continuously brought into the engaged state from the first gear position to an (N−A)th gear position; and
another frictional engagement element is brought into the engaged state from the first gear position to an (N−B)th gear position (provided that B>A).
11. The automatic transmission according to claim 10 , further comprising:
a releasing hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the releasing position; wherein
the hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber, and
when the piston is moved toward the releasing position, the hydraulic pressure control section causes a hydraulic pressure at least greater than an urging force of the urging mechanism to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber.
12. The automatic transmission according to claim 4 , wherein:
the gear shifting mechanism is a stepped gear shifting mechanism ranging from a first gear position at which the starting gear ratio is achieved to an N-th gear position at which a top speed gear ratio is achieved;
the predetermined frictional engagement element is continuously brought into the engaged state from the first gear position to an (N−A)th gear position; and
the other frictional engagement element is brought into the engaged state from the first gear position to an (N−B)th gear position (provided that B>A).
13. The automatic transmission according to claim 12 , further comprising:
a releasing hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the releasing position;
the hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber, and
when the piston is moved toward the releasing position, the hydraulic pressure control section causes a hydraulic pressure at least greater than an urging force of the urging mechanism to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber.
14. The automatic transmission according to claim 1 , further comprising:
an engaging hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the engaging position; and
a hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the engaging hydraulic pressure chamber, wherein
when the vehicle is stopped, the hydraulic pressure control section brings the engaging hydraulic pressure chamber into a state in which a hydraulic pressure lower than an engaging hydraulic pressure for producing the engaged state is supplied thereto.
15. The automatic transmission according to claim 14 , wherein:
the starting gear ratio is achieved by the predetermined frictional engagement element and another frictional engagement element; and
when the vehicle is stopped, the hydraulic pressure control section brings the other frictional engagement element into a state in which the engaging hydraulic pressure is supplied thereto.
16. The automatic transmission according to claim 15 , wherein
when the vehicle is started from a stopped state, the hydraulic pressure control section causes the engaging hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the engaging hydraulic pressure chamber.
17. The automatic transmission according to claim 16 , wherein:
the gear shifting mechanism is a stepped gear shifting mechanism ranging from a first gear position at which the starting gear ratio is achieved to an N-th gear position at which a top speed gear ratio is achieved;
the predetermined frictional engagement element is continuously brought into the engaged state from the first gear position to an (N−A)th gear position; and
the other frictional engagement element is brought into the engaged state from the first gear position to an (N−B)th gear position (provided that B>A).
18. The automatic transmission according to claim 17 , further comprising:
a releasing hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the releasing position; wherein
the hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber, and
when the piston is moved toward the releasing position, the hydraulic pressure control section causes a hydraulic pressure at least greater than an urging force of the urging mechanism to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber.
19. The automatic transmission according to claim 14 , further comprising:
a releasing hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the releasing position; wherein
the hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber, and
when the piston is moved toward the releasing position, the hydraulic pressure control section causes a hydraulic pressure at least greater than an urging force of the urging mechanism to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber.
20. The automatic transmission according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a releasing hydraulic pressure chamber configured to move the piston in a direction toward the releasing position; and
a hydraulic pressure control section configured to control a hydraulic pressure to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber, wherein
when the piston is moved toward the releasing position, the hydraulic pressure control section causes a hydraulic pressure at least greater than an urging force of the urging mechanism to be supplied to the releasing hydraulic pressure chamber.
21. The automatic transmission according to claim 1 , wherein
a working length of the first spring is larger than a working length of the second spring.
22. The automatic transmission according to claim 1 , wherein
the second spring is arranged on a radially outer side of the first spring.