Compression bar apparatus
Provided is a compression bar apparatus for applying pressure to desired areas of a thin film composite (TFC) membrane, such as spiral wound TFC membranes and elements, including membranes and elements used for nanofiltration, reverse osmosis or forward osmosis to purify water, such as tap water, seawater, and brackish water. Application of pressure to a spiral wound element by the apparatus produces a membrane with increased sealant penetration, reduced osmotic blistering, and minimal damage to the active area of the membrane. Also provided are methods of using the apparatus.
1. A compression bar apparatus for applying pressure to outer edges of a spiral wound element, comprising:
a first upper frame and a second upper frame that together support and horizontally position the spiral wound element and allow manual or mechanical rotation of the spiral wound element in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction around its central axis;
a first lower frame positioned below the first upper frame, and a second lower frame positioned below the second upper frame, the first lower frame attached to a first lifting component and the second lower frame attached to a second lifting component;
a bar rotatably mounted to and axially aligned with each of the first and second lifting components, the bar having a uniform outer diameter along its length and having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a central portion between the first end and second end portions;
a first collar fitted over the bar at the first end portion, wherein an outer diameter of the first collar defines an outer diameter at the first end portion; and
a second collar fitted over the bar at the second end portion, wherein an outer diameter of the second collar defines an outer diameter at the second end portion;
wherein:
the outer diameter at the first end portion and the outer diameter at the second end portion each is larger than the outer diameter of the bar at the central portion;
the first collar and second collar are hollow cylinders having a uniform thickness; and
the first lifting component and the second lifting component together raise the bar to apply a uniform pressure to the portions of the spiral wound element that are in contact with the first collar and the second collar as the spiral wound element rotates about its axis without any contact between the central portion of the bar and the spiral wound element.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the outer diameter at the first end portion and the second end portion are the same and are between 0.25 inches and 1.25 inches larger than the outer diameter at the central portion.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the outer diameter at the central portion is between 0.5 inches and 5 inches.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the outer diameter at the first end portion and at the second end portion is the same and is between 1 inch and 6 inches.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first collar and second collar each have a thickness of between 0.1 inches and 2 inches.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the outer diameter at the first end portion and the outer diameter at the second end portion are the same and are between 0.25 inches and 1.25 inches larger than the outer diameter at the central portion.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the outer diameter at the central portion is between 0.5 inches and 5 inches.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the outer diameter at the first end portion and the outer diameter at the second end portion are the same and are between 1 inch and 6 inches.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first and second collars have rounded edges.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the width of the first collar and the second collar are the same and are each between 0.25% and 7.5% of the total length of the bar.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the width of the first collar and the second collar are between 0.1 inches and 3 inches.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bar is between 40 inches and 43 inches in length.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , the bar further comprising a rigid material selected from among synthetic plastic polymers, metal, or combinations thereof.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bar is tubular.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a first connector for connecting the first end portion of the bar to the first lifting component and a second connector for connecting the second end portion of the bar to the second lifting component to allow rotation of the bar.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the first lifting component and the second lifting component comprise a rod, a piston and a cylinder.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the cylinder is a pneumatic cylinder.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the pneumatic cylinder is pneumatically coupled to an air source.