Process to obtain fuel from biomass in fluid catalytic cracking
The present invention relates to a process for obtaining fuel from biomass which comprises the introduction of the catalyst ( 3 ) in the base of an cracking section ( 4 ), wherein said catalyst ( 3 ) at high temperature comes in contact with a gas stream of light hydrocarbons rich in hydrogen ( 1 ), wherein the catalyst ( 3 ) and hydrocarbon ( 1 ) then come in contact with a lignocellulosic liquid stream ( 2 ) in the same cracking section ( 4 ), creating the reaction mixture ( 5 ) that, soon after, comes into contact with the main stream containing the traditional fossil load of a FCC ( 6 ) in a second cracking section ( 7 ).
1. A process to obtain fuels from biomass via fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), comprising:
introducing a gas stream comprising saturated hydrocarbons ( 1 ), a lignocellulosic liquid stream ( 2 ), and a catalyst ( 3 ) into a first reaction section ( 4 ) of a FCC reactor;
contacting the gas stream ( 1 ), the lignocellulosic liquid stream ( 2 ) and the catalyst ( 3 ) in the first reaction section ( 4 ) under first reaction conditions, which comprise a temperature in a range of from 500 to 800° C., to produce a reaction medium ( 5 ); and
contacting the reaction medium ( 5 ) with a main stream comprising a traditional fossil load ( 6 ) in a second reaction section ( 7 ) of the FCC reactor under second reaction conditions to produce reaction products ( 8 ).
2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized by separating the reaction products ( 8 ) obtained in the second reaction section ( 7 ) and subjecting the reaction products ( 8 ) to a hydrotreatment step to obtain high octane fuel.
3. The process according to claim 2 , characterized by the hydrotreatment step employing a temperature between 350° C. and 390° C. and, as a catalyst, a metal oxide totally or partially converted into sulfides (active phase) and supported on y-alumina (y-Al 2 O 3 ).
4. The process according to claim 1 , characterized by the first reaction conditions comprising a temperature in a range of from 500° C. to 700° C., a pressure in a range of from 200 kPa to 400 kPa, a catalyst/biomass ratio in a range of from 10 to 40,and a contact time in a range of from 0.1 to 0.9 seconds.
5. The process according to claim 1 , characterized by the second reaction conditions comprising a speed space in a range of from 200 h−1 to 400 h−1, a contact time in a range of from 1.5 to 3.0 seconds, a temperature in a range of from 500° C. and 620° C. and a catalyst/hydrocarbons ratio in a range of from 5 to 20.
6. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the lignocellulosic liquid stream ( 2 ) is derived from the pulp and paper industry.
7. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the lignocellulosic liquid stream ( 2 ) is obtained by fast pyrolysis processing units.
8. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the biomass corresponds to 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to a total amount of load added to the FCC reactor.
9. The process according to claim 1 , characterized by the traditional fossil load ( 6 ) being a petroleum refinery stream having a hydrogen content of at least 10% by weight based on a total weight of the traditional fossil load ( 6 ).
10. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the gas stream ( 1 ) comprises one or more saturated hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of propane, butane, ethane, pentane and hexane.
11. The process according to claim 10 , characterized in that the stream ( 1 ) corresponds to 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the total amount load added to the FCC reactor.
12. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the catalyst ( 3 ) is a solid acid catalyst.
13. The process according to claim 12 , characterized in that the solid acid catalyst is a zeolitic catalyst.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic liquid stream ( 2 ) is obtained from a Kraft process.
15. The process according to claim 1 , characterized by the traditional fossil load ( 6 ) having a hydrogen content of at least 10% by weight based on a total weight of the traditional fossil load ( 6 ).
16. The process according to claim 1 , characterized by the first reaction section ( 4 ) of the FCC reactor being located at a base of a riser.
17. A process to obtain fuels from biomass via fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), comprising:
introducing a gas stream comprising saturated hydrocarbons (1), a lignocellulosic liquid stream (2), and a catalyst (3) into a first reaction section (4) of a FCC reactor;
contacting the gas stream (1), the lignocellulosic liquid stream (2) and the catalyst (3) in the first reaction section (4) under first reaction conditions, which comprise a temperature in a range of from 500 to 800° C., to produce a reaction medium (5);
contacting the reaction medium (5) with a main stream comprising a traditional fossil load (6) in a second reaction section (7) of the FCC reactor under second reaction conditions to produce reaction products (8); and
separating the reaction products (8) obtained in the second reaction section (7) and subjecting the reaction products (8) to a hydrotreatment step to obtain gasoline with a Research Octane Number (RON) above 90.