Stable electrolyte for lithium air battery and lithium air battery including the same
Provided are electrochemical cells that include a compound having the general formula wherein R 1 is moiety associated with a lithium ion, X 1 and X 3 are unsubstituted methylene moieties, X 2 and X 4 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety, X is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkylene moiety, arylene moiety or heteroarylene moiety, R 2 is selected from Li, H, an alkyl moiety, or a heteroalkyl moiety, 0<m≤1, 0≤n≤1, and m+n=1.
1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
a cell container, containing therein
a negative electrode,
a positive electrode, and
an electrolyte in electrochemical contact with negative and positive electrodes; and
a compound having the formula
wherein
R 1 has a formula selected from
and further wherein
X 1 and X 3 are each an unsubstituted methylene moiety,
X 2 and X 4 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety,
X is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkylene moiety, arylene moiety or heteroarylene moiety,
Pf is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl moiety,
R 2 is selected from Li, H, an alkyl moiety, or a heteroalkyl moiety,
0<m≤1, 0≤n≤1, and m+n=1, and
the compound has an average molecular weight of about 1000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol.
2. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the compound is located in the electrolyte.
3. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the compound is located at an interface between the negative electrode and the electrolyte.
4. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the compound is located at an interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte.
5. The cell of claim 1 , wherein an interfacial layer is formed on an electrode surface by the compound.
6. The cell of claim 5 , wherein the interfacial layer is formed upon charging of the cell.
7. The cell of claim 5 , wherein the interfacial layer is formed upon discharging of the cell.
8. The cell of claim 5 , wherein the interfacial layer is formed upon assembling of the cell.
9. The cell of claim 5 , wherein the interfacial layer is formed upon the filling of the cell container.
10. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises carbon.
11. The cell of claim 10 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a layered form of carbon.
12. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a metallic material.
13. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material capable of reversible Li insertion.
14. The cell of claim 13 , wherein the negative electrode material is capable of reversible Li intercalation.
15. The cell of claim 1 , wherein O 2 serves as an electroactive material at the positive electrode.
16. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte consists essentially of the compound in a solid form.
17. The cell of claim 1 , having an open circuit voltage of at least about 3.0 volts when charged.
18. The cell of claim 1 , X 2 and X 4 are each independently selected from CH 2 , CHF, and CF 2 .
19. The cell of claim 1 , wherein Pf is a C 1 -C 10 fluoroalkyl moiety.
20. The cell of claim 19 , wherein Pf is C 1 -C 10 perfluoroalkyl moiety.
21. The cell of claim 1 , wherein 0<m<1 and 0<n<1.
22. An alkali metal/air cell that includes a compound having the formula
wherein
R 1 has a formula selected from
and further wherein
X 1 and X 3 are each an unsubstituted methylene moiety,
X 2 and X 4 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety,
X is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkylene moiety, arylene moiety or heteroarylene moiety,
Pf is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl moiety,
R 2 is selected from Li, H, an alkyl moiety, or a heteroalkyl moiety,
0<m≤1, 0≤n≤1, and m+n=1, and
the compound has an average molecular weight of about 1000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol.
23. The cell of claim 22 , wherein the cell is a lithium air cell.
24. A rechargeable cell, comprising:
an anode for lithium ion insertion and deinsertion;
a cathode comprising oxygen as a cathode active material; and
a lithium ion conductive electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode,
wherein the electrolyte comprises a compound having the formula
wherein
R 1 has a formula selected from
and further wherein
X 1 and X 3 are each an unsubstituted methylene moiety,
X 2 and X 4 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted methylene moiety,
X is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkylene moiety, arylene moiety or heteroarylene moiety,
Pf is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl moiety,
R 2 is selected from Li, H, an alkyl moiety, or a heteroalkyl moiety,
0<m≤1, 0≤n≤1, and m+n=1, and
the compound has an average molecular weight of about 1000 g/mol to about 1,000,000 g/mol.
25. The cell of claim 24 , wherein the anode includes an anode active material that is capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions.