Ionic liquids comprising heteraromatic anions
Some embodiments described herein relate to ionic liquids comprising an anion of a heteraromatic compound such as optionally substituted pyrrolide, optionally substituted pyrazolide, optionally substituted indolide, optionally substituted phospholide, or optionally substituted imidazolide. Methods and devices for gas separation or gas absorption related to these ionic liquids are also described herein.
1. An ionic liquid comprising an anion represented by a formula:
wherein X is N;
A is N;
E is CR 4 ; and
R 1 , R 2 , R 4 are independently H, halo, CN, CNO, NCO, or NO 2 .
2. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the reaction energy ΔH>−99 kJ/mol.
3. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein the anion-CO 2 bond energy ΔE<−35 kJ/mol.
4. The ionic liquid of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 4 are H and R 2 is NO 2 .
5. A method of removing carbon dioxide from a mixture of gases, comprising:
providing a mixture of gases comprising carbon dioxide; and
allowing sufficient contact between the mixture of gases and a first ionic liquid comprising an anion according to the formula
wherein X is N, A is CR 3 , E is N, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are independently H, halo, CN, CNO, NCO, or NO 2 such that the carbon dioxide reacts with the first ionic liquid to form a second ionic liquid according to claim 1 thereby reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the mixture of gases.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture of gases is an exhaust from combustion of a carbon-based fuel, wherein the carbon-based fuel is coal, a petroleum product, or natural gas.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture of gases further comprises an oxide of sulfur or nitrogen.
8. The method of claim 5 further comprising recovering the carbon dioxide from the second ionic liquid by applying at least one of heat or reduced pressure to the second ionic liquid.
9. A gas separation system comprising:
a flow component configured to provide a flow of a gas mixture, wherein the gas mixture comprises carbon dioxide; and
a separation component, in fluid communication with the flow component, configured to allow the flow of the gas mixture to pass through the separation component from the flow component, wherein a quantity of a first ionic liquid comprising an anion according to the formula
wherein X is N, A is CR 3 , E is N, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are independently H, halo, CN, CNO, NCO, or NO 2 , is contained within or coupled to the separation component;
wherein the system is configured to provide sufficient contact between the gas mixture and the first ionic liquid to remove at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the gas mixture to form an ionic liquid according to claim 1 ; and
wherein the system contains the ionic liquid according to claim 1 .
10. The gas separation system of claim 9 , further comprising a regeneration component wherein the ionic liquid according to claim 1 is subjected to heat and/or reduced pressure to liberate carbon dioxide.
11. A combustion device comprising:
a combustion vessel configured to contain a combustion reaction;
an exhaust component, in fluid communication with the combustion vessel, which is configured to allow exhaust from the combustion reaction to escape from the combustion vessel, wherein the exhaust comprises carbon dioxide; and
the gas separation system of claim 9 , coupled to the exhaust component;
wherein the device is configured to provide sufficient contact between the exhaust and the separation system to remove at least a portion of the carbon dioxide from the exhaust.