Confinement structures
A confinement structure comprises one or more open cells ( 70 ) for confinement, in use, of particulate fill materials such as soil, sand or aggregate. The cells ( 70 ) comprise walls ( 72 ) formed of a composite material comprising a polymeric grid layer laminated to a fabric layer. The walls ( 72 ) may be formed from a strip of the composite material comprising one or more living hinges. The cells ( 70 ) may be provided with skirt portions ( 74 ) that extend from at least some of the walls ( 72 ).
1. A confinement structure comprising a plurality of interconnected open cells for confinement, in use, of particulate fill materials, each one of the plurality of interconnected open cells comprising one or more walls, the one or more walls including an external wall having a single integral material and an internal wall, the single integral material comprising a composite material having a polymeric grid layer laminated to a fabric layer; and wherein the single integral material includes at least one living hinge formed in the single integral material;
wherein the one or more walls are pivotally connected using a mechanical hinge comprising a hinged piece of flexible fabric material.
2. The confinement structure of claim 1 , the polymeric grid layer is thermally laminated to the fabric layer; and
wherein the fabric layer comprises bicomponent fibers having a sheath component and a core component, and wherein the sheath component is thermally bonded to the polymeric grid layer; and
wherein the single integral material is vapor permeable and includes at least one living hinge formed in the single integral material.
3. The confinement structure of claim 1 , wherein the internal wall comprises a fabric material.
4. The confinement structure of claim 1 , wherein the internal wall is not as high as the external wall.
5. The confinement structure of claim 1 , wherein the fabric layer is at least one of a nonwoven material and a geotextile.
6. The confinement structure of claim 1 , wherein the composite material comprises a further fabric layer laminated to a side of the polymeric grid layer opposite to a side of the polymeric grid layer laminated to the fabric layer.
7. The confinement structure of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of interconnected open cells are provided with one or more skirt portions extending from at least one of the one or more walls.
8. The confinement structure of claim 7 , wherein the one or more skirt portions are formed by a separate piece of material fastened to the composite material.
9. The confinement structure of claim 7 , wherein the one or more skirt portions are integrally formed by any one of the composite material and the fabric layer.
10. The confinement structure of claim 1 , wherein the fabric comprises a liquid impermeable and vapor permeable fabric.
11. The confinement structure of claim 10 , wherein the fabric comprises a microporous fabric.
12. The confinement structure of claim 1 , wherein the fabric comprises a liquid permeable and vapor permeable fabric.
13. The confinement structure of claim 1 , wherein the hinged piece of flexible fabric material is arranged to overlap the outside of the polymeric grid layer.
14. A confinement structure comprising a plurality of interconnected open cells for confinement, in use, of particulate fill materials, each one of the plurality of interconnected open cells comprising one or more walls, the one or more walls including an external wall having a single integral material and an internal wall, the single integral material comprising a composite material having a polymeric grid layer laminated to a fabric layer; and wherein the single integral material is vapor permeable and includes at least one living hinge formed in the single integral material, and wherein the plurality of interconnected open cells are formed from separate wall panels, the separate wall panels are pivotally connected using a mechanical hinge comprising a hinged piece of flexible fabric material.
15. The confinement structure of claim 14 , wherein the separate wall panels are pivotally interconnected at one or more corners of the plurality of interconnected open cells.
16. The confinement structure as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the hinged piece of flexible fabric material is arranged to overlap an outside of the polymeric grid layer.
17. A method of manufacturing a confinement structure comprising a plurality of interconnected open cells, each one of the plurality of interconnected open cells comprising one or more walls, for particulate fill materials, the method comprising: (i) providing a strip of a single integral material comprising a composite material defined by a polymeric grid layer laminated to a fabric layer; (ii) applying pressure along one or more lines between side edges of the strip of the single integral material to form one or more living hinges in the single integral material; (iii) folding the strip at the one or more living hinges to align end edges of the strip; and (iv) connecting the end edges of the strip to form the plurality of interconnected cells having the one or more walls including an external wall and an internal wall a cell; wherein the one or more walls are pivotally connected using a mechanical hinge comprising a hinged piece of flexible fabric material, and wherein the single integral material is vapor permeable.