Competition between transverse and axial hydraulic fractures in horizontal well
An apparatus and methods for forming a transverse fracture in a subterranean formation surrounding a wellbore including measuring a property along the length of the formation surrounding the wellbore, forming a stress profile of the formation, identifying a region of the formation to remove using the stress profile, removing the region with a device in the wellbore, and introducing a fluid into the wellbore, wherein a transverse fracture is more likely to form than if the region was not removed. Some embodiments benefit from computing the energy required to initiate and propagate a fracture from the region, optimizing the fluid introduction to minimize the energy required, and optimizing the geometry of the region.
1. A method for forming a transverse fracture in a subterranean formation surrounding a wellbore, comprising:
measuring a property of the formation surrounding the wellbore, the wellbore defining a radius;
forming a stress profile of the formation;
identifying a region of the formation to remove using the formed stress profile;
selecting an optimal geometry of the region to be removed by a length of the region, a width of the region, an angle of the region, or a combination thereof by performing and comparing a plurality of computations for different geometries, injection parameters, and fracture paths;
removing the region with a device in the wellbore based on the selected optimal geometry and thereby forming a notch, the notch having a length of greater than zero and less than one wellbore radius; and
introducing a fluid into the wellbore, wherein the notch favors the formation of a transverse fracture when the fluid is introduced into the wellbore.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the identifying comprises computing the energy required to initiate and propagate a fracture from the region.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising optimizing the fluid introduction to minimize the energy required.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting the angle of the region based on a wellbore angle.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the notch is a radial notch or a perforation tunnel or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the introducing the fluid is selected from the group consisting of a viscosity, a pressure of the fluid, a pumping injection rate or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the identifying comprises using the wellbore geometry.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the geometry is selected from the group consisting of the radius, orientation, azimuth, deviation, or a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the property comprises a geomechanical property of the wellbore.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the geomechanical property is selected from the group consisting of elasticity, Young and shear moduli, Poisson ratios, fracture toughness, stress field, stress directions, stress regime, stress magnitudes, minimum closure stress, maximum and vertical stress, pore pressure, or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the device is a perforating device.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of an operational device, a perforation tunnel tool, a shaped charge tool, a laser based tool, a radial notching tool, a jetting tool, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting an optimal geometry further comprises selecting the geometry based on minimum energy input requirements.