Monitoring hydrocarbon reservoirs using induced polarization effect

1. A system comprising:

processing circuitry configured to perform operations comprising:

obtaining induced polarization data from a subterranean zone, the subterranean zone comprising first formations and second formations, a quantity of hydrocarbons in the first formations greater than a quantity of hydrocarbons in the second formations, the induced polarization data induced in the subterranean zone using an induced polarization fluid, a portion of the induced polarization data from the first formations being different from a portion of the induced polarization data from the second formations;

identifying the second formations in the subterranean zone based on the obtained induced polarization data by determining volume distribution of electrical resistivity and chargeability in the subterranean zone from the induced polarization data;

monitoring changes to the electrical resistivity and chargeability in the subterranean zone, wherein changes to electrical resistivity and chargeability in the first formations are different from changes to electrical resistivity and chargeability in the second formations that have absorbed the induced polarization; and

correlating the changes to the electrical resistivity and chargeability to rock formations in the subterranean zone, wherein correlating comprises differentiating between first formations and second formations based on differences between the changes to the electrical resistivity and chargeability in the first formations and the changes to the electrical resistivity and chargeability in the second formations that have absorbed the induced polarization fluid.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a transmitter positioned within the subterranean zone, the transmitter configured to transmit a plurality of alternating currents at a plurality of different frequencies through the subterranean zone, wherein the induced polarization data is generated in the subterranean zone in response to the plurality of alternating currents at the plurality of different frequencies; and

a plurality of receivers, each receiver positioned on a surface of the subterranean zone, each receiver configured to measure at least a portion of the induced polarization data generated in the subterranean zone in response to the plurality of alternating currents at a plurality of different frequencies, wherein the portion of the induced polarization data comprises, for each alternating current at a respective frequency, a respective complex resistivity spectrum of the subterranean zone.

3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the induced polarization fluid, the induced polarization fluid comprising an injection fluid comprising a plurality of particles configured to induce polarization in an electromagnetic field.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of particles comprises nanoparticles.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the injection fluid comprises organic material and the plurality of particles comprise inorganic material.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the injection fluid comprises brine.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the subterranean zone comprises an injection wellbore into which the induced polarization fluid is flowed, and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to trace flow of the induced polarization fluid through the injection wellbore based, in part, on the obtained induced polarization data.

8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pumping system configured to flow the induced polarization fluid into the subterranean zone.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein to determine volume distribution of electrical resistivity and chargeability in the subterranean zone from the induced polarization data, the processing circuitry is configured to apply a three-dimensional electromagnetic inversion technique on the obtained induced polarization data.