Cladded articles and methods of making the same
In one aspect, methods of making cladded articles are described herein. A method of making a cladded article, in some embodiments, comprises disposing over a surface of a metallic substrate a sheet comprising organic binder and powder metal or powder alloy having a solidus temperature at least 100° C. less than the metallic substrate and heating the powder metal or powder alloy to provide a sintered metal or sintered alloy cladding metallurgically bonded to the metallic substrate.
1. A method of making a cladded article comprising:
disposing over a surface of a metallic substrate a sheet comprising organic binder and powder nickel-based alloy having a solidus temperature at least about 100° C. less than solidus temperature of the metallic substrate and;
heating the powder nickel-based alloy to provide a substantially fully dense sintered nickel-based alloy cladding metallurgically bonded to the metallic substrate, the sintered nickel-based alloy cladding comprising 8-25 wt. % chromium, 5-20% wt. % molybdenum, 0-6 wt. % tungsten, 0-5 wt. % total of niobium and tantalum, 0-4 wt. % cobalt, 0-30 wt. % iron, 0-1 wt. % manganese, 0.1-5 wt. % boron and the balance nickel.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solidus temperature of the powder nickel-based alloy is at least 150° C. less than the solidus temperature of the metallic substrate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solidus temperature of the powder nickel-based alloy is at least 200° C. less than the solidus temperature of the metallic substrate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder nickel-based alloy further comprises an alloying additive of one or more elements of boron, phosphorus, silicon, aluminum or carbon in an amount sufficient to reduce the solidus temperature of the nickel-based powder alloy.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the powder nickel-based alloy is heated to a temperature 200° C. to 400° C. below the solidus temperature of the metallic substrate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic substrate is steel, iron-based alloy or nickel based alloy.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein an interfacial diffusion region having a thickness of 10-200 μm is established between the sintered nickel-based alloy cladding and the metallic substrate.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic binder comprises one or more polymeric materials.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sheet further comprises hard particles providing substantially fully dense sintered nickel-based alloy composite cladding.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the hard particles comprise one or more metal carbides, metal nitrides, metal borides, metal silicides, cemented carbides, cast carbides or mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the hard particles comprise one or more cemented carbides, cast carbides or mixtures thereof.
12. A method of making a cladded article comprising:
disposing over a surface of the metallic substrate a sheet comprising organic binder and powder nickel-based alloy having a solidus temperature at least 100° C. less than solidus temperature of the metallic substrate; and
heating the powder nickel-based alloy to provide a sintered nickel-based alloy cladding metallurgically bonded to the metallic substrate, wherein sintered nickel-based alloy cladding is of composition 17-22 wt. % chromium, 6-9 wt. % molybdenum, 0-5 wt. % iron, 2-4.2 wt. % total of niobium and tantalum, 0.01-5 wt. % boron and the balance nickel.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the sintered nickel-based alloy cladding is substantially fully dense.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the metallic substrate is steel, iron-based alloy or nickel-based alloy.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the sheet further comprises hard particles providing sintered nickel-based alloy matrix composite cladding.
16. A method of making a cladded article comprising:
disposing over a surface of a metallic substrate a sheet comprising organic binder and powder nickel-based alloy having a solidus temperature at least about 100° C. less than solidus temperature of the metallic substrate and;
heating the powder nickel-based alloy to provide a substantially fully dense sintered nickel-based alloy cladding metallurgically bonded to the metallic substrate, the sintered nickel-based alloy cladding comprising 12-20 wt. % chromium, 5-11 wt. % iron, 0.5-2 wt. % manganese 0-2 wt. % silicon, 0-1 wt. % copper, 0-2 wt. % carbon, 0.1-5 wt. % boron and the balance nickel.