Electromagnetic ranging with azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool
Apparatus, systems, and methods for ranging operate to use a wireline active ranging system to initially determine a relative distance and relative direction from a first well (e.g., ranging well) to a second well (e.g., target well) and an EM azimuthal logging tool to maintain or adjust the distance from the target well while drilling the ranging well. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.
1. A method for ranging between a target well and a ranging well, the method comprising:
determining relative distance and direction from the ranging well to the target well with a wireline tool;
calibrating an azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool to the wireline tool in response to a comparison of electromagnetic measurements taken by the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool with the relative distance and direction; and
using the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool on a drill string to maintain or adjust the relative distance while drilling.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool to decrease the relative distance while drilling comprises drilling the ranging well to intersect the target well.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool to maintain the relative distance while drilling comprises paralleling the target well while drilling to perform a Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage operation or a well avoidance operation, or a well intersection operation.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the relative distance and direction from the ranging well to the target well with the wireline tool comprises calculating the relative distance and direction in response to an electromagnetic signal received from the target well.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein calibrating the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool comprises:
taking electromagnetic measurements from the drill string;
comparing the electromagnetic measurements to the calculated relative distance and direction; and
calibrating logging while drilling ranging and azimuth calculations to measurements provided by the wireline tool, according to results obtained by the comparing.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the relative distance and direction from the ranging well to the target well with the wireline tool comprises taking electromagnetic ranging measurements with the wireline tool, the method further comprising continuing to take electromagnetic ranging measurements with the wireline tool until the relative distance is reached.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool on the drill string to maintain or adjust the relative distance while drilling comprises transmitting an electromagnetic signal from a transmitting antenna and receiving a reflected version of the electromagnetic signal at a receiving antenna wherein one of the transmitting antenna or the receiving antenna are tilted with respect to a longitudinal axis of the drill string.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool on the drill string to maintain or adjust the relative distance while drilling comprises transmitting an electromagnetic signal from a transmitting antenna and receiving a reflected version of the electromagnetic signal at a receiving antenna wherein both of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are tilted with respect to a longitudinal axis of the drill string.
9. A method for ranging between a target well and a ranging well, the method comprising:
using a wireline tool in the ranging well to perform electromagnetic ranging measurements on the target well;
calculating a relative distance and a relative direction from the ranging well to the target well;
using an azimuthal electromagnetic tool in a drill string in the ranging well to take electromagnetic measurements when the relative distance is approximately equal to or less than a desired distance between the ranging well and the target well;
calibrating the azimuthal electromagnetic tool to the wireline tool by comparing the electromagnetic measurements to the calculated relative distance and relative direction; and
drilling in the ranging well while using the azimuthal electromagnetic tool to control drilling operations to parallel the target well, intersect the target well, or avoid the target well.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein calibrating the azimuthal electromagnetic tool comprises:
collecting a plurality of relative distance measurements using the wireline tool and the azimuthal electromagnetic tool; and
estimating parameters of a calibration function using the plurality of relative distance measurements.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the calibration function is expressed as d w (z i )=ƒ(d i (z i ), p), wherein d w (z i ) represents relative distance measurements from the wireline tool at a depth z i ,d l (z i ) represents relative distance measurements from the azimuthal electromagnetic tool at the depth z i , and ƒ represents a mapping function with mapping parameter vector p.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the mapping parameter vector p is determined by p=argmin p (d w (z i )−ƒ(d l (z i ), p)).
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising calibrating azimuthal electromagnetic tool measurements according to the relationship d lcal (z i )=ƒ(d l (z i ), p) wherein d lcal (z i ) is a corrected logging while drilling (LWD) range measurement at the depth z i .
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the mapping function comprises ƒ(A, p)=Ap wherein A is an azimuth measurement.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the mapping parameter vector p is a function of azimuth angle ϕ.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the mapping function comprises ƒ(A, p, ϕ)=A(ϕ)p(ϕ) or ƒ(A, p, ϕ)=A(ϕ)+p(ϕ).
17. A system comprising:
a ranging tool in a ranging well, the ranging tool configured to take first electromagnetic measurements and to calculate a relative distance and direction to a target well; and
an azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool disposed on a drill string in the ranging well, the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool configured to take second electromagnetic measurements after a desired distance is reached and to compare the second measurements with the calculated relative distance and direction to calibrate the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool to provide control of a drilling operation to parallel the target well, intersect the target well, or avoid the target well.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool comprises a transmit coil antenna and a receive coil antenna wherein at least one of the transmit coil antenna or the receive coil antenna are tilted with respect to a longitudinal axis of the wireline logging tool.
19. The system of claim 17 wherein the azimuthal electromagnetic logging tool comprises a transmit coil antenna and a plurality of receive coil antennas wherein the transmit coil antenna and the plurality of receive coil antennas are tilted with respect to a longitudinal axis of the wireline logging tool.
20. The system of claim 17 , wherein the desired distance varies with a frequency used by the azimuthal logging tool to take electromagnetic measurements.
21. The system of claim 17 , further comprising a controller configured to accept the relative distance and direction and the electromagnetic measurements and determine a calibration function to provide control of the drilling operation.