Helicopter with anti-torque system, related kit and methods
A strake may extend along a portion of an approaching side of a tail boom of a helicopter. A number of vortex generators (VGs) may extend along a portion of a retreating side of the tail boom. For tail booms with circular cross sections, the strake and the VGs are positioned between approximately 5 and 15 degrees below a horizontal plane of the tail boom when viewed end on, on respective sides of the tail boom. For tail booms with non-circular cross sections, the strake and the VGs is positioned between approximately 5 and 15 degrees above a location where a change in curvature is greatest (e.g., where flow separation would otherwise occur) on a bottom half of the tail boom when viewed end on, on respective sides of the tail boom. A fairing may be located on the retreating side on the upper half of the tail boom, to create an asymmetric profile.
1. A helicopter, comprising:
a fuselage;
a main rotor coupled to the fuselage and that in operation rotates in a first rotational direction with respect to the fuselage;
an engine carried by the fuselage and drivingly coupled to rotate the main rotor in the first rotational direction with respect to the fuselage;
a tail boom that extends rearwardly of the fuselage, the tail boom having an approaching side and a retreating side, the approaching side being a side of the tail boom that the main rotor approaches when rotating in the first rotational direction, the retreating side being a side of the tail boom that the main rotor retreats from when rotating in the first rotational direction, the retreating side opposite the approaching side across a width of the tail boom, the approaching side of the tail boom having a varying radius of curvature about a centerline, and the tail boom having an upper half, a lower half and a horizontal plane that extends between the upper half and the lower half of the tail boom; and
a first strake that extends outwardly from the approaching side of the tail boom, the first strake positioned below the horizontal plane of the tail boom at a position that is approximately 5 degrees to 15 degrees above a location at which a change in curvature of the approaching side below the horizontal plane is greatest.
2. The helicopter of claim 1 wherein the retreating side of the tail boom has a varying radius of curvature about the centerline of the tail boom, and the radius of curvature over a portion of the tail boom is infinite, and further comprising:
at least one vortex generator that extends outwardly from the retreating side of the tail boom, the at least one vortex generator positioned below the horizontal plane of the tail boom at a position that is from approximately 5 degrees to 15 degrees above a location at which a change in the radius of curvature of the retreating side below the horizontal plane is greatest.
3. The helicopter of claim 2 , wherein the tail boom has a longitudinal axis, the first strake is a retrofit strake and extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tail boom, and the at least one vortex generator extends nonparallel to the longitudinal axis of the tail boom.
4. The helicopter of claim 3 , further comprising:
a fairing coupled on the retreating side of the tail boom to create an asymmetry between the approaching and the retreating side of the tail boom.
5. The helicopter of claim 4 , further comprising:
a tail rotor positioned along the tail boom and that in operation rotates in a tail rotor rotational direction;
a tail rotor drive shaft drivingly coupled to the tail rotor; and
a tail rotor drive shaft cover that extends along the tail boom and which removably covers the tail rotor drive shaft.
6. The helicopter of claim 5 wherein the tail rotor drive shaft cover has an apex, and the fairing extends from the apex of the tail rotor drive shaft cover down to where the horizontal plane intersects the retreating side of the tail boom.
7. The helicopter of claim 6 wherein the fairing provides a smoother transition between the apex of the tail rotor drive shaft and the retreating side of the tail boom than without the fairing.
8. The helicopter of claim 4 , further comprising:
a tail rotor positioned along the tail boom and that in operation rotates in a tail rotor rotational direction; and
a tail rotor drive shaft drivingly coupled to the tail rotor, wherein the fairing forms a tail rotor drive shaft cover that removably covers the tail rotor drive shaft.
9. The helicopter of claim 1 wherein the tail boom tapers in thickness as the tail boom is traversed from the fuselage to a distal end of the tail boom, the tail boom extends in a vertical plane of the fuselage at a non-right angle from the fuselage, and the horizontal plane of the tail boom is not horizontal to a surface of a ground or a horizontal plane of the fuselage.
10. The helicopter of claim 1 wherein the radius of curvature of the approaching side is smoothly continuously varying, interrupted only by the first strake.
11. A method of manufacturing a helicopter having a fuselage, a main rotor coupled to the fuselage and that in operation rotates in a first rotational direction with respect to the fuselage, an engine carried by the fuselage and drivingly coupled to rotate the main rotor in the first rotational direction with respect to the fuselage, and a tail boom that extends rearwardly of the fuselage, the tail boom having an approaching side and a retreating side, the approaching side being a side of the tail boom that the main rotor approaches when rotating in the first rotational direction, the retreating side being a side of the tail boom that the main rotor retreats from when rotating in the first rotational direction, the retreating side opposite the approaching side across a width of the tail boom, the approaching side of the tail boom having a varying radius of curvature about a centerline, and the tail boom having an upper half, a lower half and a horizontal plane that extends between the upper half and the lower half of the tail boom, the method comprising:
positioning a first strake to extend outwardly from the approaching side of the tail boom at a first strake position, the first strake position located below the horizontal plane of the tail boom at a position that is from approximately 5 degrees to 15 degrees above a location at which a change in curvature of the approaching side below the horizontal plane is greatest; and
fixing the first strake to the approaching side of the tail boom at the first strake position.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the retreating side of the tail boom has a varying radius of curvature about the centerline of the tail boom, and further comprising:
positioning at least one vortex generator to extend outwardly from the retreating side of the tail boom at a vortex generator position, the at least one vortex generator position located below the horizontal plane of the tail boom at a position that is from approximately 5degrees to 15 degrees above a location at which a change in the radius of curvature of the retreating side below the horizontal plane is greatest; and
fixing the at least one vortex generator to the retreating side of the tail boom at the vortex generator position.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
positioning a fairing on the retreating side of the tail boom at a fairing position to create an asymmetry between the approaching and the retreating side of the tail boom; and
fixing the fairing at the fairing position.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the tail rotor drive shaft cover has an apex, and positioning a fairing on the retreating side of the tail boom at a fairing position comprises positioning the fairing to extend from the apex of the tail rotor drive shaft cover down to where the horizontal plane intersects the retreating side of the tail boom.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
removing a tail rotor drive shaft cover; and
positioning a fairing at a fairing position to cover the tail rotor drive shaft and create an asymmetry between the approaching and the retreating side of the tail boom; and
fixing the fairing at the fairing position.
16. A helicopter, comprising:
a fuselage;
a main rotor coupled to the fuselage and that in operation rotates in a first rotational direction with respect to the fuselage;
an engine carried by the fuselage and drivingly coupled to rotate the main rotor in the first rotational direction with respect to the fuselage;
a tail boom that extends rearwardly of the fuselage, the tail boom having an approaching side and a retreating side, the approaching side being a side of the tail boom that the main rotor approaches when rotating in the first rotational direction, the retreating side being a side of the tail boom that the main rotor retreats from when rotating in the first rotational direction, the retreating side opposite the approaching side across a width of the tail boom, the approaching side of the tail boom having a constant radius of curvature about a centerline, and the tail boom having an upper half, a lower half and a horizontal plane that extends between the upper half and the lower half of the tail boom; and
a first strake that extends outwardly from the approaching side of the tail boom, the first strake positioned below the horizontal plane of the tail boom at an angle of from approximately 5 degrees to 15 degrees, the angle measured between the horizontal plane and an axis that extends from the centerline to the first strake without crossing a midplane of the tail boom.