Vacuum sealing flange

1. A flange comprising:

a base surface with a circular cross-section;

a knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the base surface;

a periphery section disposed around the knife edge surface, wherein the periphery section includes walls that define bolt holes;

wherein the knife edge surface and the periphery section are effective to define a groove therebetween;

wherein the base surface is a first base surface;

the knife edge is a first knife edge;

the periphery section is a first periphery section;

the flange is comprised of an alloy having a thermal conductivity above 100 watt/m/K; a yield strength above 190 MPa; and includes a first side, wherein the first side includes the first base surface, the first knife edge, and the first periphery section;

the flange further includes a second side, where the second side

includes:

a second base surface with a circular cross-section;

a second knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the second base surface;

a second periphery section disposed around the second knife edge surface; the second periphery section includes walls that further define the bolt holes;

the second knife edge surface and the second periphery section are effective to define a second groove therebetween; and wherein

the first and second base surfaces are effective to define a mask opening through the flange; and

the flange further includes walls that define internal cooling channels within the first and second periphery sections and the first and second base surfaces.

2. The flange of claim 1 , where the alloy has a thermal conductivity of between 300 watt/m/° K and 400 watt/m/° K.

3. The flange of claim 1 , where the alloy has a thermal conductivity of between 360 watt/m/° K and 370 watt/m/° K.

4. The flange of claim 1 , where the alloy has a yield strength of between 90 MPa and 215 MPa.

5. The flange of claim 1 , where the alloy has an electric conductivity of between 45 Meg S/m. and 60 Meg S/m.

6. The flange of claim 1 , where the alloy has a modulus of elasticity of between 110 GPa and 140 GPa.

7. The flange of claim 1 , where the alloy is a copper based metal matrix composite alloy mixed with aluminum oxide ceramic particles.

8. The flange of claim 1 , where the alloy includes 0.3 wt. % aluminum oxide in a copper matrix.

9. The flange of claim 8 , where the alloy further includes 200 ppm to 300 ppm boron.

10. The flange of claim 1 , wherein the flange is sized and structured so that the flange maintains a vacuum seal to a vacuum tube when connected to the vacuum tube.

11. A flange effective to receive an electromagnetic wave, the flange comprising:

a top surface;

a bottom surface;

a first base surface with a circular cross-section;

a knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the first base surface;

a periphery section disposed around the knife edge surface, wherein the periphery section includes walls that define bolt holes and the knife edge surface and the periphery section are effective to define a groove therebetween;

a second base surface with a circular cross section;

walls that define internal cooling channels between the first base surface and the second base surface;

a first internal wall extending from the first base surface to the second base surface, a first distance between the first internal wall and either the top or bottom surface increases along a length of the flange, the change in the first distance defining a grazing incidence angle of the electromagnetic wave with respect to a plane substantially perpendicular to the first base surface;

a second internal wall extending from the first base surface to the second base surface, a second distance between the second internal wall and the first internal wall defining a channel effective to receive the electromagnetic wave within the flange; and

the flange is comprised of an alloy with:

a thermal conductivity above 100 watt/m/° K.; and a yield strength above 190 MPa.

12. The flange of claim 11 , wherein the walls defining the first and second cooling channels are arranged so that the first and second cooling channels are parallel to the first base surface and the second base surface, and the first cooling channel is parallel to the second cooling channel.

13. The flange of claim 12 , wherein the cooling channels are spaced from about 1 inch to about 2 inches apart along the length of the flange.

14. The flange of claim 13 , wherein a third distance of the cooling channels, from either the top or bottom surface increases along the length of the flange.

15. The flange of claim 12 , wherein the first cooling channel is connected to the second cooling channel.

16. The flange of claim 11 , wherein the grazing incidence angle is about 3 degrees.

17. The flange of claim 11 , wherein the first internal wall meets the second internal wall proximate to the second base surface to form a stop flange.

18. The flange of claim 17 , wherein the flange is constructed from copper-chromium-zirconium.

19. The flange of claim 11 , wherein the first internal wall is spaced from the second internal wall by a third distance proximate to the second base surface to form a mask flange.

20. The flange of claim 11 , wherein the first internal wall is spaced from the second internal wall by a third distance proximate to the second base surface, the first internal wall and the second internal wall are effective to define a window opening through the second base surface, and the flange further comprises a window disposed in the window opening.

21. The flange of claim 20 , wherein the window includes beryllium or diamond.

22. A flange comprising:

a base surface with a circular cross-section;

a knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the base surface;

a periphery section disposed around the knife edge surface, wherein the periphery section includes walls that define bolt holes; and

wherein the knife edge surface and the periphery section are effective to define a groove therebetween;

wherein the base surface is a first base surface;

the knife edge is a first knife edge;

the periphery section is a first periphery section;

the flange is comprised of an alloy having a thermal conductivity above 100 watt/m/° K.; a yield strength above 190 MPa; and includes a first side, wherein the first side includes the first base surface, the first knife edge, and the first periphery section;

the flange further includes a second side, where the second side

includes:

a second base surface with a circular cross-section;

a second knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the second base surface;

a second periphery section disposed around the second knife edge surface;

the second periphery section includes walls that further define the bolt holes;

the second knife edge surface and the second periphery section are effective to define a second groove therebetween; and wherein

the first and second base surfaces are effective to define a window opening through the flange, wherein the window includes beryllium or diamond; and the flange further includes walls that define internal cooling channels within the first and second periphery sections and the first and second base surfaces.

23. A combination of a first vacuum tube, a second vacuum tube, and a flange sealed to the first and second vacuum tubes, the flange comprising:

a first side and a second side;

the first side including:

a first base surface with a circular cross-section;

a first knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the first base surface;

and

a first periphery section disposed around the first knife edge surface, the first periphery section includes walls that define bolt holes; wherein

the first knife edge surface and the first periphery section are effective to define a

first groove therebetween;

the second side including:

a second base surface with a circular cross-section;

a second knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the second base surface;

a second periphery section disposed around the second knife edge surface, the second periphery section includes walls that further define the bolt holes; and

the second knife edge surface and the second periphery section effective to define a second groove therebetween;

wherein the flange is an alloy with a thermal conductivity above 100 watt/m/° K.; and a yield strength above 190 MPa;

the first and second base surfaces are effective to define a mask opening through the flange; and

the flange further includes walls that define internal cooling channels within the first and second periphery sections and the first and second base surfaces.

24. A combination of a first vacuum tube, a second vacuum tube, and a flange sealed to the first and second vacuum tubes, the flange comprising:

a first side and a second side;

the first side including:

a first base surface with a circular cross-section;

a first knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the first base surface;

and

a first periphery section disposed around the first knife edge surface, the first periphery section includes walls that define bolt holes; wherein

the first knife edge surface and the first periphery section are effective to define a

first groove therebetween;

the second side including:

a second base surface with a circular cross-section;

a second knife edge surface disposed circumferentially around the second base surface;

a second periphery section disposed around the second knife edge surface, the second periphery section includes walls that further define the bolt holes; and

the second knife edge surface and the second periphery section effective to define a second groove therebetween;

wherein the flange is an alloy with a thermal conductivity above 100 watt/m/° K.; and a yield strength above 190 MPa;

the first and second base surfaces are effective to define a window opening through the flange, wherein the window includes beryllium or diamond;

the flange further includes walls that define internal cooling channels within the first and second periphery sections and the first and second base surfaces;

the combination further comprises a window disposed in the window opening; and

the first and second vacuum tubes have different vacuum properties.