Structuring fats and methods of producing structuring fats
Recombinant DNA techniques are used to produce oleaginous recombinant cells that produce triglyceride oils having desired fatty acid profiles and regiospecific or stereospecific profiles. Genes manipulated include those encoding stearoyl-ACP desturase, delta 12 fatty acid desaturase, acyl-ACP thioesterase, ketoacyl-ACP synthase, and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. The oil produced can have enhanced oxidative or thermal stability, or can be useful as a frying oil, shortening, roll-in shortening, tempering fat, cocoa butter replacement, as a lubricant, or as a feedstock for various chemical processes. The fatty acid profile can be enriched in midchain profiles or the oil can be enriched in triglycerides of the saturated-unsaturated-saturated type.
1. A method of producing a triglyceride oil, the method comprising:
cultivating a recombinant microalgal cell expressing an exogenous polynucleotide encoding a ketoacyl-ACP synthase; and
extracting the oil produced by the cell;
wherein the triglyceride oil is enriched in stearic-oleic-stearic triglyceride as compared to a non-recombinant microalgal cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microalgal cell is a cell of the genus Prototheca or Chlorella.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the microalgal cell is a Prototheca moriformis cell.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant microalgal cell further comprises an exogenous polynucleotide that encodes a fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase.
5. The method claim 1 , wherein the recombinant microalgal cell further comprises nucleic acids operable to reduce the expression of stearoyl-ACP desaturase or a fatty acyl desaturase.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the nucleic acids operable to reduce the expression of a stearoyl-ACP desaturase or a fatty acyl desaturase is a nucleic acid that encodes an RNA construct that reduces the activity of stearoyl-ACP desaturase or the fatty acyl desaturase.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is enriched in triglycerides of the saturated-unsaturated-saturated type, wherein the sum of palmitic-oleic-palmitic, stearic-oleic-stearic and palmitic-oleic-stearic is at least 30% of the triglycerides.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the sum of palmitic-oleic-palmitic, stearic-oleic-stearic and palmitic-oleic-stearic is at least 50% of the triglycerides.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the oil comprises triglycerides comprising at least 50% stearic-oleic-stearic, and optionally less than 10% stearic-stearic-stearic.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant microalgal cell further comprises an exogenous sucrose invertase gene so that the cell can grow on sucrose as a sole carbon source.
11. A method of producing a triglyceride oil, the method comprising:
cultivating a recombinant microalgal cell expressing an exogenous polynucleotide encoding a ketoacyl-ACP synthase and a fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase; and
extracting the oil produced by the cell;
wherein the triglyceride oil is enriched in stearic-oleic-stearic triglyceride as compared to a non-recombinant microalgal cell.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the microalgal cell is a cell of the genus Prototheca or Chlorella.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the microalgal cell is a cell of the genus Prototheca.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the microalgal cell is a Prototheca moriformis cell.
15. The method claim 11 , wherein the recombinant microalgal cell further comprises nucleic acids operable to reduce the expression of stearoyl-ACP desaturase or a fatty acyl desaturase.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acids operable to reduce the expression of a stearoyl-ACP desaturase or a fatty acyl desaturase is a nucleic acid that encodes an RNA construct that reduces the activity of stearoyl-ACP desaturase or the fatty acyl desaturase.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the oil is enriched in triglycerides of the saturated-unsaturated-saturated type, wherein the sum of palmitic-oleic-palmitic, stearic-oleic-stearic and palmitic-oleic-stearic is at least 30% of the triglycerides.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the sum of palmitic-oleic-palmitic, stearic-oleic-stearic and palmitic-oleic-stearic is at least 50% of the triglycerides.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the oil comprises triglycerides comprising at least 50% stearic-oleic-stearic, and optionally less than 10% stearic-stearic-stearic.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the recombinant microalgal cell further comprises an exogenous sucrose invertase gene so that the cell can grow on sucrose as a sole carbon source.