Cutting elements having non-planar surfaces and downhole cutting tools using such cutting elements
A cutting element may include a substrate, an upper surface of the substrate including a crest, the crest transitioning into a depressed region, and an ultrahard layer on the upper surface, thereby forming a non-planar interface between the ultrahard layer and the substrate. A top surface of the ultrahard layer includes a cutting crest extending along at least a portion of a diameter of the cutting element, the top surface having a portion extending laterally away from the cutting crest having a lesser height than a peak of the cutting crest.
1. A cutting element comprising:
a substrate, an upper surface of the substrate including a crest, the crest transitioning into a depressed region, and
an ultrahard layer on the upper surface, thereby forming a non-planar interface between the ultrahard layer and the substrate, a top surface of the ultrahard layer comprising:
a cutting crest extending along at least a portion of a diameter of the cutting element, the top surface having a portion extending laterally away from the cutting crest having a lesser height than a peak of the cutting crest,
wherein the cutting crest extends along a major dimension of the cutting crest to a peripheral edge of the top surface and wherein the portion of the top surface extending laterally away from the cutting crest to the peripheral edge of the top surface is, adjacent to the peripheral edge, non-perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the cutting element, and
wherein, in a plane orthogonal to the major dimension of the cutting crest and extending through both the major dimension of the cutting crest and the peripheral edge, the top surface defines a shape consisting of at least one linear shape, at least one convex shape, or at least one linear shape and at least one convex shape, from the peripheral edge to the cutting crest.
2. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the top surface has a peripheral edge extending around the cutting element and a cutting edge portion of the peripheral edge is adjacent the cutting crest, and wherein the peripheral edge decreases in height in a direction away from the cutting crest and the cutting edge portion to another portion of the peripheral edge adjacent to a recessed region of the ultrahard layer.
3. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the top surface comprises a plurality of cutting crests extending from a peripheral edge radially inwards to intersect at a central region.
4. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the cutting crest varies in height to form a continuous curve along its length.
5. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein a profile of the cutting crest along its length includes at least one concave region.
6. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the cutting crest is aligned with the crest of the substrate.
7. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the cutting crest has a radius of curvature ranging from 0.06 to 0.18 inches.
8. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein a tapered transition is adjacent to each radial end of the crest of the substrate.
9. A cutting element, comprising:
a substrate having a non-planar upper surface, the non-planar upper surface being non-axisymmetric about a longitudinal axis formed through the center of the substrate, and having a first convex curvature extending along a first direction in a first plane and a second convex curvature having a smaller radius of curvature than the first convex curvature extending in a second direction in a second plane perpendicular to the first plane, wherein the longitudinal axis lies on each of the first plane and second plane; and
an ultrahard layer with a non-planar top surface on the non-planar upper surface of the substrate.
10. The cutting element of claim 9 , further comprising a plurality of surface alterations on the non-planar upper surface of the substrate.
11. The cutting element of claim 10 , wherein the surface alterations are a plurality of elongate protrusions substantially aligned with the first direction.
12. The cutting element of claim 9 , wherein the non-planar top surface of the ultrahard layer includes a cutting crest extending along at least a portion of a diameter of the cutting element, the non-planar top surface having a portion extending laterally away from the cutting crest having a lesser height than a peak of the cutting crest.
13. The cutting element of claim 12 , wherein the cutting crest is substantially aligned with the first convex curvature.
14. The cutting element of claim 9 , wherein the first convex curvature and the second convex curvature extend to a peripheral edge of the upper surface.
15. A cutting tool, comprising:
a tool body;
at least one blade extending from the tool body; and
a first row of cutting elements attached to the at least one blade, the first row of cutting elements comprising at least one cutting element of claim 1 .
16. The cutting tool of claim 15 , further comprising a second row of cutting elements attached to the at least one blade rearward from the first row, wherein the second row of cutting elements comprises at least one cutting element having a substantially pointed cutting tip.
17. The cutting tool of claim 15 , wherein the cutting crest of the at least one cutting element is oriented at an angle ranging from 0 to 40 degrees relative to a line parallel to a central axis of the cutting tool.
18. The cutting tool of claim 15 , wherein a central axis of the at least one cutting element is oriented at an angle ranging from 0 to 25 degrees relative to a line parallel to a central axis of the cutting tool.
19. A cutting tool, comprising:
a tool body;
at least one blade extending from the tool body; and
at least one cutting element of claim 9 attached to at least one blade.
20. A cutting tool, comprising:
a tool body;
at least one blade extending from the tool body; and
at least one cutting element attached to the at least one blade, the at least one cutting element having a non-planar top surface that includes a cutting crest extending along at least a portion of a diameter of the cutting element, the non-planar top surface having a portion extending laterally away from the cutting crest having a lesser height than a peak of the cutting crest,
a central axis of the at least one cutting element being oriented at an angle ranging from 0 to 25 degrees relative to a line parallel to a central axis of the cutting tool,
wherein the cutting crest extends along a major dimension of the cutting crest to a peripheral edge of the top surface and wherein the portion of the top surface extending laterally away from the cutting crest to the peripheral edge of the top surface is, adjacent to the peripheral edge, non-perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the cutting element, and
wherein, in a plane orthogonal to the major dimension of the cutting crest and extending through both the major dimension of the cutting crest and the peripheral edge, the top surface defines a shape consisting of at least one linear shape, at least one convex shape, or at least one linear shape and at least one convex shape, from the peripheral edge to the cutting crest.
21. The cutting tool of claim 20 , wherein the at least one cutting element is a primary cutting element.
22. The cutting tool of claim 20 , wherein the at least one cutting element is a secondary cutting element trailing a shear cutter.