Thermoelectric devices and systems

1. A wearable electronic device, comprising:

an electronic display with a user interface for displaying information to a user;

a power management unit operatively coupled with said electronic display, wherein said power management unit comprises an energy storage device and at least one thermoelectric device in electrical communication with said energy storage device, wherein said at least one thermoelectric device comprises (i) a heat collecting unit that, during use, rests adjacent to a body surface of said user, which heat collecting unit collects thermal energy from said body surface of said user, (ii) a thermoelectric element in thermal communication with said heat collecting unit, and (iii) a heat expelling unit in thermal communication with said thermoelectric element, which heat expelling unit expels thermal energy from said thermoelectric element; and

a casing containing said electronic display and said power management unit, wherein said casing further comprises a bottom subassembly, wherein said bottom subassembly comprises said thermoelectric element and a conductive backing, and wherein, during use, said conductive backing is in thermal communication with said body surface of said user,

wherein, during use, said thermoelectric element generates power upon flow of thermal energy from said heat collecting unit, across said thermoelectric element and to said heat expelling unit, and wherein at least a portion of said power is stored in said energy storage device.

2. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said wearable electronic device is integrated with said power management unit.

3. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said power management unit provides at least about 10% of a power requirement of said wearable electronic device.

4. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said power management unit further comprises an external power unit for providing external power to charge said energy storage device.

5. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said heat expelling unit is disposed adjacent to a side portion of said casing.

6. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said casing is in thermal communication with said heat collecting unit, said heat expelling unit, or both said heat collecting unit and said heat expelling unit.

7. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said casing comprises lugs.

8. The wearable electronic device of claim 7 , wherein said lugs are in thermal communication with said heat expelling unit and wherein said lugs dissipate heat.

9. The wearable electronic device of claim 7 , wherein said lugs do not dissipate heat.

10. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said bottom subassembly comprises a snap-in heat spreader plate that snaps into said casing and wherein said snap-in heat spreader plate is thermally conductive.

11. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said bottom subassembly comprises threads, wherein said bottom subassembly threads into said casing, and wherein said threads are thermally conductive.

12. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein thermal communication between said thermoelectric element and said heat expelling unit is provided by at least one heat pipe or a heat spreader plate.

13. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said wearable electronic device is a watch.

14. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more power generation units in electrical communication with said energy store device.

15. The wearable electronic device of claim 14 , wherein said one or more power generation units are selected from the group consisting of a solar cell, an inductive coupling unit, a radio frequency coupling unit, and a kinetic power generation unit.

16. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said casing comprises vents configured to permit flow of thermal energy to or from the wearable device.

17. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said user interface for displaying information to said user comprises a plurality of menus.

18. The wearable electronic device of claim 17 , further comprising a button for navigating said plurality of menus.

19. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said thermoelectric element comprises a solid-state material selected from a group consisting of silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide, a silicide alloy, a silicon germanium alloy, bismuth telluride, lead telluride, gallium nitride, and a tellurium silver germanium antimony (TAGS) containing alloy.

20. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more solar cells configured to generate power upon exposure to light, wherein at least a portion of said power generated by said one or more solar cells is stored in said energy storage device.

21. The wearable electronic device of claim 20 , wherein said one or more solar cells are disposed in said casing.

22. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said casing is waterproof.

23. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said thermoelectric element is disposed on a flexible insulating material.

24. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , wherein said electronic display is a capacitive touch screen.

25. The wearable electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising an insulator ring and a case top conductor, wherein said insulator ring is disposed between said bottom subassembly and said case top conductor.

26. The wearable electronic device of claim 25 , further comprising an insulator spacer comprising a compressible foam material disposed between said bottom subassembly and said case top conductor.

27. The wearable electronic device of claim 25 , wherein said case top conductor comprises conductive fins to increase heat dissipation.

28. A method for using a wearable electronic device, comprising:

(a) activating said wearable electronic device comprising:

a. an electronic display with a user interface for displaying information to a user;

b. a power management unit operatively coupled with said electronic display, wherein said power management unit comprises an energy storage device and at least one thermoelectric device in electrical communication with said energy storage device, wherein said at least one thermoelectric device comprises (i) a heat collecting unit that rests adjacent to a body surface of said user, which heat collecting unit collects thermal energy from said body surface of said user, (ii) a thermoelectric element in thermal communication with said heat collecting unit, and (iii) a heat expelling unit in thermal communication with said thermoelectric element, which heat expelling unit expels thermal energy from said thermoelectric element; and

c. a casing containing said electronic display and said power management unit, wherein said casing further comprises a bottom subassembly, wherein said bottom subassembly comprises said thermoelectric element and a conductive backing, and wherein said conductive backing is in thermal communication with said body surface of said user; and

(b) using said thermoelectric element to generate power upon flow of thermal energy from said heat collecting unit, across said thermoelectric element and to said heat expelling unit, wherein at least a portion of said power is stored in said energy storage device.

29. The method of claim 28 , wherein said wearable electronic device is integrated with said power management unit.

30. The method of claim 28 , wherein said power management unit provides at least about 10% of a power requirement of said wearable electronic device.

31. The method of claim 28 , wherein said power management unit further comprises an external power unit for providing external power to charge said energy storage device.

32. The method of claim 28 , wherein said heat expelling unit is disposed adjacent to a side portion of said casing.

33. The method of claim 28 , wherein said casing is in thermal communication with said heat collecting unit, said heat expelling unit, or both said heat collecting unit and said heat expelling unit.

34. The method of claim 28 , wherein said casing comprises lugs.

35. The method of claim 34 , wherein said lugs are in thermal communication with said heat expelling unit and wherein said lugs dissipate heat.

36. The method of claim 34 , wherein said lugs do not dissipate heat.

37. The method of claim 28 , wherein said bottom subassembly comprises a snap-in heat spreader plate that snaps into said casing and wherein said snap-in heat spreader plate is thermally conductive.

38. The method of claim 28 , wherein said bottom subassembly comprises threads, wherein said bottom subassembly threads into said casing, and wherein said threads are thermally conductive.

39. The method of claim 28 , wherein thermal communication between said thermoelectric element and said heat expelling unit is provided by at least one heat pipe or a heat spreader plate.

40. The method of claim 28 , wherein said wearable electronic device is a watch.

41. The method of claim 28 , wherein the wearable electronic device further comprises one or more power generation units in electrical communication with said energy store device.

42. The method of claim 41 , wherein said one or more power generation units are selected from the group consisting of a solar cell, an inductive coupling unit, a radio frequency coupling unit, and a kinetic power generation unit.

43. The method of claim 28 , wherein said user interface for displaying information to said user comprises a plurality of menus.

44. The method of claim 43 , wherein said wearable device comprises a button for navigating said plurality of menus.

45. The method of claim 28 , further comprising one or more solar cells configured to generate power upon exposure to light, wherein at least a portion of said power generated by said one or more solar cells is stored in said energy storage device.

46. The method of claim 45 , wherein said one or more solar cells are disposed in said casing.

47. The method of claim 28 , wherein said electronic display is a capacitive touch screen.

48. A method for manufacturing a wearable electronic device, comprising assembling a casing containing (i) an electronic display with a user interface for displaying information to a user, and (ii) a power management unit to yield said wearable electronic device,

wherein said power management unit is operatively coupled with said electronic display, wherein said power management unit comprises an energy storage device and at least one thermoelectric device in electrical communication with said energy storage device, wherein said at least one thermoelectric device comprises (i) a heat collecting unit that, during use, rests adjacent to a body surface of said user, which heat collecting unit collects thermal energy from said body surface of said user, (ii) a thermoelectric element in thermal communication with said heat collecting unit, and (iii) a heat expelling unit in thermal communication with said thermoelectric element, which heat expelling unit expels thermal energy from said thermoelectric element,

wherein said casing further comprises a bottom subassembly, wherein said bottom subassembly comprises said thermoelectric element and a conductive backing, and wherein, during use, said conductive backing is in thermal communication with said body surface of said user,

wherein said wearable device is configured such that during use, said thermoelectric element generates power upon flow of thermal energy from said heat collecting unit, across said thermoelectric element and to said heat expelling unit, wherein at least a portion of said power is stored in said energy storage device.

49. The method of claim 48 , wherein said electronic display and said power management unit are loaded into said casing from said top side of said casing.

50. The method of claim 48 , wherein said electronic display and said power management unit are loaded into said casing from said bottom side of said casing.

51. The method of claim 48 , wherein said casing comprises lugs.

52. The method of claim 51 , wherein said lugs are in thermal communication with said heat expelling unit and wherein said lugs dissipate heat.

53. The method of claim 51 , wherein said lugs do not dissipate heat.

54. The method of claim 48 , wherein said bottom subassembly comprises a snap-in heat spreader plate that snaps into said casing and wherein said snap-in heat spreader plate is thermally conductive.

55. The method of claim 48 , wherein said bottom subassembly comprises threads, wherein said bottom subassembly threads into said casing, and wherein said threads are thermally conductive.

56. The method of claim 48 , wherein said user interface for displaying information to said user comprises a plurality of menus.

57. The method of claim 56 , wherein said wearable device comprises a button for navigating said plurality of menus.

58. The method of claim 48 , further comprising one or more solar cells configured to generate power upon exposure to light, wherein at least a portion of said power generated by said one or more solar cells is stored in said energy storage device.

59. The method of claim 58 , wherein said one or more solar cells are disposed in said casing.

60. The method of claim 48 , wherein said electronic display is a capacitive touch screen.