Methods of controlling a combined plant including at least one generator and an energy store
A method of controlling a combined plant to provide frequency support to a power grid operating at a variable grid frequency, wherein the combined plant includes at least one generator and an energy store, and the combined plant is adapted to supply power to the power grid, the method including the steps of charging the energy store at less than its rated power when frequency support is not needed. When frequency support is needed the combined plant is controlled to increase or decrease the overall power that it supplies to the power grid to provide frequency support. The control of the combined plant can be designed to maximize frequency support revenues.
1. A method of controlling a combined plant to provide frequency support to a power grid operating at a variable grid frequency, wherein the combined plant comprises at least one generator and an energy store, and is configured to supply power to the power grid, the method comprising:
charging the energy store at less than the rated power of the energy storewhen frequency support is not needed; and
in response to an increase in grid frequency, providing frequency support to the power grid by increasing the charging rate of the energy store so that the energy store absorbs more power;
wherein, when frequency support is not needed, the overall power output P from the combined plant at any given time is defined by:
P=Pgen−Pestore_target, or P=Pgen−( r _charging_target×Prated), where:
Pgen is the power supplied by the at least one generator of the combined plant at the given time,
Pestore_target is the power absorbed by the energy store at the given time when frequency support is not needed,
r_charging_target represents a particular charging rate when frequency support is not needed and where 0<r_charging_target<1, and
Prated is the rated power of the energy store.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the energy store is configured to absorb power generated by the at least one generator and/or from the power grid.
3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
in response to an increase in grid frequency, providing frequency support to the power grid by decreasing the amount of power that is generated by the at least one generator.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
in response to a decrease in grid frequency, providing frequency support to the power grid by decreasing the charging rate of the energy store so that the energy store absorbs less power.
5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
in response to a decrease in grid frequency, providing frequency support to the power grid by discharging power from the energy store into the power grid.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combined plant provides continuous frequency support to the power grid in response to changes in the grid frequency.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combined plant provides frequency support to the power grid based on the available headroom and footroom of the combined plant.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combined plant provides frequency support to the power grid by responding automatically to measured changes in the grid frequency or on receipt of a control signal from a Transmission System Operator (TSO).
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the combined plant is controlled by a control strategy.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the control strategy maximizes frequency response revenues.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the control strategy maximizes utilization of the at least one generator.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum headroom Hmax provided by the combined plant is defined by:
H max= P rated+ P estore_target, or
H max= P rated+( r _charging_target× P rated),
where:
Prated is the rated power of the energy store,
Pestore_target is the power absorbed by the energy store when frequency support is not needed, and
r_charging_target represents a particular charging rate when frequency support is not needed and where 0<r_charging_target<1.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum footroom Festore_max provided by the energy store is defined by:
F estore_max= P rated− P estore_target, or
F estore_max= P rated−( r _charging_target× P rated),
where:
Prated is the rated power of the energy store,
Pestore_target is the power absorbed by the energy store when frequency support is not needed, and
r_charging_target represents a particular charging rate when frequency support is not needed and where 0<r_charging_target<1.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the maximum footroom Fgen_max of the generator(s) at any given time is defined by:
F gen_max= P gen− P gen_min,
where:
Pgen is the power supplied by the generator(s) of the combined plant at the given time, and
Pgen_min is the lowest power that the generator(s) can output in a stable manner and without tripping.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the rate at which the energy store is charged when frequency support is not needed is fixed or selectively varied.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the rate at which the energy store is charged when frequency support is not needed is selected to maximize frequency support revenues.