Method of making an acoustic automotive HVAC and AIS duct with a particle fiber slurry
Disclosed is a method to form arbitrarily shaped, uniform, lightweight, thermally insulating and acoustically absorptive automotive components with controllable density, thickness, porosity, and surface integrity. The method is based on natural cellulosic fibers such as those found in cardboard and paper and uses a thermoplastic fiber and particle slurry to form fusible components. The method produces components having the benefit of commercially available thermoformed fiber mats or open-cell extruded foam components with excellent acoustical properties, enhanced thermal insulation, and are light weight, which limits engine inefficiency, and the high cost of such products so as to allow large scale implementation.
1. A method of manufacturing an acoustically absorptive automotive duct comprising:
creating a slurry comprising a selection of fibers and water;
exposing a porous mold to said slurry and depositing the fibers of said slurry on said porous mold to form a preform;
using a partitioned vacuum to create variable deposit thickness across the preform;
dewatering said preform;
applying heat and pressure to said preform in order to activate any specific binding agent(s) employed within said preform to form a duct; and
demolding the fused component, wherein the component is substantially structurally stable, with a controlled density, thickness, porosity, and surface integrity, and the component is acoustically absorptive in nature compared to solid structures of similar shape.
2. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 in which the deposition of the fibers onto the porous mold can be carried out either by drawing the slurry through the porous molds using a vacuum source, or by pumping the slurry through the mold by applied pressure, or by draining the slurry through the mold using the force of gravity.
3. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 in which the application of heat and pressure to the preform can be carried out by either compressing the preform with a heated compression mold, and/or by flowing heated air through the preform, and/or by flowing heated air past the inside or outside of the preform.
4. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 3 including the step in which the preform is transferred from the porous mold to the apparatus that applies the heat and/or cooling according to claim 3 .
5. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 in which the slurry is also composed of one or more of the following: fibers of varying composition, diameter, profile, shape, and length, particles of varying polymers, fillers, including regrind of the process scrap, expandable microspheres, and dispersants, thickeners, surfactants, and other process aids.
6. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 including the step of exposing the preform to said slurry multiple times in order to form a duct composed of multiple layers of the same composition and of controlled thickness.
7. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 including the step of exposing the preform to various slurries one or more times in order to form a duct composed of multiple layers of various compositions.
8. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 including the step of applying a surface modifier for hydrophobicity after dewatering said preform.
9. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 including the step of using heat to thermally bond the constituent fibers at contact points to create an interconnected fiber network.
10. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 including the step of adding steam or using induction molding to form an inner surface skin to said preform.
11. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct to claim 1 including the step of adding steam or using induction molding to form an outer surface skin to said preform.
12. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 including the step of bonding ducts together by use of plastic welding.
13. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct according to claim 1 including the step of bonding ducts together remelting material around the perimeter of the ducts and applying pressure to compress the melted edges of the duct together in order to create a complete duct assembly.
14. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct to claim 1 including the step of applying rapid heat and/or cooling to the mold and/or preform to reduce the time required to manufacture the duct or to impart specific local properties.
15. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct to claim 1 wherein the step of forming a duct includes the step of binding the fibers of the duct together through the use of a binder fiber which is blended into the slurry.
16. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct to claim 1 wherein the step of forming a duct includes the step of binding the fibers of the duct together by spraying an adhesive onto the perform.
17. The method of making an acoustically absorptive automotive duct to claim 1 wherein the step of forming a duct includes the step of melting the fibers.