Electrophotographic member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
Provided an electrophotographic member that contributes to the formation of a higher grade of an electrophotograph than ever for use in an ultralow-temperature environment. The electrophotographic member has an electro-conductive resin layer, and the resin layer comprises a resin having a specific structure and an anion.
1. An electrophotographic member having an electro-conductive resin layer, the resin layer comprising a resin and an anion, the resin having at least one cationic structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (1), (2) and (3)
wherein
the resin further comprises a structure of at least one of formulae (4) and (5)
*—X1—* (4)
where “*” represents a binding moiety for the nitrogen cation in said at least one structure selected from formulae (1), (2) and (3),
X1 represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (X101) to (X105)
—R1— (X101)
where R1 represents a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a linear moiety having at least 4 carbon atoms,
where R2 and R3 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d1 represents 0 or 1,
where R5 and R6 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R7 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d2 represents 0 or 1,
—R8 O—R9 n1 (X104)
where R8 and R9 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n1 represents an integer of 1 to 4,
where R10 and R11 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R12 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
*—X2 (5)
where X2 represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (X201) to (X205)
—R13 (X201)
where R13 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms,
where R14 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R15 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d3 represents an integer of 0 to 2,
where R16 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R17 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d4 represents an integer of 0 to 2,
—R18 O—R19 n2 O—R20 (X204)
R18 and R19 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R20 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n2 represents an integer of 1 to 4,
where R21 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R22 and R23 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the resin comprises (i) at least one cationic structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (1), (2) and (3), and (ii) the structure represented by formula (5).
3. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the anion is at least one anion selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonylimide anion, a fluoroalkylsulfonylimide anion and derivatives thereof.
4. An electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge detachably attached to a main body thereof, said process cartridge comprising at least one electrophotographic member having an electro-conductive resin layer, the resin layer comprising a resin and an anion, the resin having at least one cationic structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (1), (2) and (3)
wherein
the resin further comprises a structure of at least one of formulae (4) and (5)
*—X1—* (4)
where “*” represents a binding moiety for the nitrogen cation in said at least one structure selected from formulae (1), (2) and (3),
X1 represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (X101) to (X105)
—R1— (X101)
where R1 represents a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a linear moiety having at least 4 carbon atoms,
where R2 and R3 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d1 represents 0 or 1,
where R5 and R6 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R7 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d2 represents 0 or 1,
—R8 O—R9 n1 (X104)
where R8 and R9 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n1 represents an integer of 1 to 4,
where R10 and R11 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R12 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
where X2 represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (X201) to (X205)
—R13 (X201)
where R13 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms,
where R14 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R15 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d3 represents an integer of 0 to 2,
where R16 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R17 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d4 represents an integer of 0 to 2,
—R18 O—R19 n2 O—R20 (X204)
R18 and R19 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R20 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n2 represents an integer of 1 to 4,
where R21 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R22 and R23 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
5. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising at least one electrophotographic member having an electro-conductive resin layer, the resin layer comprising a resin and an anion, the resin having at least one cationic structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (1), (2) and (3)
wherein
the resin further comprises a structure of at least one of formulae (4) and (5)
*—X1—* (4)
where “*” represents a binding moiety for the nitrogen cation in said at least one structure selected from formulae (1), (2) and (3),
X1 represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (X101) to (X105)
—R1— (X101)
where R1 represents a divalent saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a linear moiety having at least 4 carbon atoms,
where R2 and R3 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d1 represents 0 or 1,
where R5 and R6 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R7 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d2 represents 0 or 1,
—R8 O—R9 n1 (X104)
where R8 and R9 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n1 represents an integer of 1 to 4,
where R10 and R11 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R12 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
*—X2 (5)
where X2 represents at least one structure selected from the group consisting of formulae (X201) to (X205)
—R13 (X201)
where R13 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms,
where R14 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R15 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d3 represents an integer of 0 to 2,
where R16 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R17 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and d4 represents an integer of 0 to 2,
—R18 O—R19 n2 O—R20 (X204)
R18 and R19 independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R20 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n2 represents an integer of 1 to 4,
where R21 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R22 and R23 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.