Amino acid based diet with improved taste
The present invention is based on the finding that free amino acids can both negatively or positively influence overall taste of free amino acid-based enteral nutritional compositions, and the amino acids can thus be categorized. A striking balance of both categories of amino acids to arrive at amino acid-based nutritional composition with improved taste, yet not compromising the (regulatory) dietary restrictions on essential amino acids and conditionally essential amino acids.
1. An enteral nutritional composition, comprising up to 75 wt % glycomacropeptide (GMP), based on the weight of all proteinaceous matter, and free amino acids, wherein:
(a) 50-80 wt % of the weight of total free amino acids in the composition is comprised of the sum of the amounts of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of alanine, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, threonine, and tyrosine; and
(b) 20-40 wt % of the weight of total free amino acids in the composition is comprised of the sum of the amounts of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and valine,
wherein the composition comprises, as free amino acids, at least 0-10 g phenylalanine, 4-8 g valine, 2.5-11 g threonine, 0.7-3 g tryptophan, 2.5-6 g isoleucine, 1.5-4 g methionine, 6.5-8.5 g leucine, 3-6 g lysine, and 1.5-3 g histidine, per 100 g free amino acids in the composition,
wherein the sum of the amount of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and methionine is between 25 and 35 wt %, based on the total free amino acids in the composition.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising as free amino acids 0-10 g phenylalanine, 4-6.5 g valine, 7-11 g threonine, 0.7-3 g tryptophan, 3.5-6 g isoleucine, 1.5-4 g methionine, 6.5-8.5 g leucine, 3-6 g lysine, and 1.5-3 g histidine, per 100 g free amino acids in the composition.
3. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising as free amino acids 0-2 g phenylalanine, 4-6 g valine, 7.5-9 g threonine, 0.7-1.5 g tryptophan, 6.5-7.5 g isoleucine, 1.5-2.5 g methionine, 6.5-7.5 g leucine, 3.5-5 g lysine, and 1.5-2.5 g histidine, per 100 g free amino acids in the composition.
4. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising less than 0.5 g phenylalanine per 100 g free amino acids.
5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least 80 wt % of the proteinaceous matter comprised in the composition is formed from free amino acids.
6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein at least 90 wt % of the proteinaceous matter comprised in the composition is formed from free amino acids.
7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the sum of the amounts of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of alanine, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, threonine and tyrosine to the sum of the amounts of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan and valine in the composition ranges between 60:40 and 75:25.
8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the weight ratio of the sum of the amounts of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of alanine, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, threonine and tyrosine to the sum of the amounts of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan and valine in the composition ranges between 65:35 and 70:30.
9. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising 5-7 g cystine, 10-14 g glycine, 8-10 g tyrosine as free amino acids, per 100 g free amino acids in the composition.
10. The composition according to claim 9 , comprising 5.5-6.5 g cystine, 10-14 g glycine, 8-10 g tyrosine as free amino acids, per 100 g free amino acids in the composition.
11. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises digestible carbohydrates.
12. The composition according to 11 , wherein the digestible carbohydrates comprise polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of starch, maltodextrin, and a mixture thereof.
13. A method for preventing, treating or reducing the risk of developing a metabolic disorder in a subject, comprising enterally administering to said subject an effective amount of a composition according to claim 1 .
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the subject suffers from a metabolic disorder selected from the group consisting of phenylketonuria, homocystinuria, maple syrup urine disease, tyrosinaemia, propionic acidaemia, methylmalonic acidaemia, isovaleric acidaemia, urea cycle disorders and glutaric aciduria, particularly phenylketonuria.
15. A method for improving gut health, and/or stimulating catch-up growth in a child suffering from a metabolic disease selected from the group consisting of phenylketonuria, homocystinuria, maple syrup urine disease, tyrosinaemia, propionic acidaemia, methylmalonic acidaemia, isovaleric acidaemia, urea cycle disorders and glutaric aciduria, comprising enterally administering to the child an effective amount of a composition according to claim 1 .
16. The composition according to claim 1 , comprising substantially no phenylalanine in the composition.
17. The composition according to claim 1 , which is an infant formula.
18. An enteral nutritional composition, comprising up to 75 wt % glycomacropeptide (GMP), based on the weight of all proteinaceous matter, and as free amino acids about 13 g alanine, about 6 g arginine, about 1 g of the sum of aspartic acid and asparagine, about 6 g cystine, about 10 g of the sum of glutamic acid and glutamine, about 12 g glycine, about 2 g histidine, about 4 g isoleucine, about 7 g leucine, about 4 g lysine, about 2 g methionine, about 7 g proline, about 3 g serine, about 8 g threonine, about 1 g tryptophan, about 9 g tyrosine, and about 5 g valine, per 100 g free amino acids, wherein the term “about” represents a 20% weight variation.
19. An enteral nutritional composition, comprising up to 75 wt % glycomacropeptide (GMP), based on the weight of all proteinaceous matter, and free amino acids, wherein:
(a) 50-80 wt % of the weight of total free amino acids in the composition is comprised of the sum of the amounts of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of alanine, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, threonine, and tyrosine; and
(b) 20-40 wt % of the weight of total free amino acids in the composition is comprised of the sum of the amounts of free amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and valine,
wherein the composition comprises, as free amino acids, at least 0-10 g phenylalanine, 4-8 g valine, 2.5-11 g threonine, 0.7-3 g tryptophan, 2.5-6 g isoleucine, 1.5-4 g methionine, 6.5-8.5 g leucine, 3-6 g lysine, 1.5-3 g histidine, 5-7 g cystine, 10-14 g glycine, and 8-10 g tyrosine, per 100 g free amino acids in the composition.