Wireless tissue electrostimulation
A wireless electrostimulation system can comprise a wireless energy transmission source, and an implantable cardiovascular wireless electrostimulation node. A receiver circuit comprising an inductive antenna can be configured to capture magnetic energy to generate a tissue electrostimulation. A tissue electrostimulation circuit, coupled to the receiver circuit, can be configured to deliver energy captured by the receiver circuit as a tissue electrostimulation waveform. Delivery of tissue electrostimulation can be initiated by a therapy control unit.
1. An implantable medical device (IMD) configured to be implanted within a patient, the IMD comprising:
a housing configured for trans-catheter deployment;
a plurality of electrodes exposed external to the housing;
therapeutic circuitry disposed within the housing, the therapeutic circuitry operatively, coupled to the plurality of electrodes and configured to stimulate tissue via one or more of the plurality of electrodes;
a rechargeable power source disposed within the housing and configured to power the therapeutic circuitry;
an expandable receiving coil configured to receive non-radiative near-field energy through the patient's body, the expandable receiving coil having a collapsed configuration for use during trans-catheter deployment and an expanded configuration for use after trans-catheter deployment when the IMD is implanted within a chamber of the patient's heart; wherein in the expanded configuration after implantation the expandable receiving coil remains inside of the chamber of the patient's heart and does not penetrate into the heart wall; and
charging circuitry operatively coupled with the expandable receiving coil and the rechargeable power source, the charging circuitry configured to use the non-radiative near-field energy received via the expandable receiving coil to charge the rechargeable power source.
2. The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the IMD is a seed that is configured to be implanted within the patient's heart and to apply an electrostimulation therapy to the patient's heart.
3. The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the rechargeable power source comprises a rechargeable energy storage device.
4. The IMD of claim 3 , wherein the rechargeable energy storage device comprises a capacitor.
5. The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the charging circuitry comprises a rectifier to rectify an output signal from the expandable receiving coil.
6. The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the expandable receiving coil comprises an inductive loop antenna.
7. The IMD of claim 1 , wherein in the collapsed configuration, at least part of the expandable receiving coil is folded.
8. The IMD of claim 1 , further comprising a tissue attachment mechanism positioned proximate a distal end of the IMD, the tissue attachment mechanism configured to secure the IMD to tissue of the patient.
9. The IMD of claim 8 , wherein the tissue attachment mechanism does not require rotation of the IMD to secure the IMD to tissue of the patient.
10. The IMD of claim 9 , wherein the tissue attachment mechanism comprises a barb.
11. The IMD of claim 9 , wherein the tissue attachment mechanism comprises a strut.
12. The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrodes comprises:
a distal electrode situated on a distal end of the IMD; and
a proximal electrode situated proximally of the distal electrode.
13. The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the expandable receiving coil comprises a shape memory alloy.
14. The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the expandable receiving coil comprises two or more coils that in the expanded configuration are arranged to reduce orientation sensitivity to received non-radiative near-field energy.
15. An implantable medical device (IMD) configured to be implanted within a patient, the DM comprising:
a housing configured for trans-catheter deployment;
a plurality of electrodes exposed external to the housing;
circuitry disposed within the housing, the circuitry operatively coupled to the plurality of electrodes;
rechargeable power source disposed within the housing and configured to power the circuitry;
an expandable antenna configured to receive electromagnetic energy through the patient's body, the expandable antenna including an inductive wire loop and a separate mechanical support supporting the inductive wire loop inductive wire loop with the coiled around the mechanical support, the expandable antenna having a collapsed configuration for use during trans-catheter deployment and an expanded configuration for use after trans-catheter deployment; and
charging circuitry operatively coupled with the expandable antenna and the rechargeable power source, the charging circuitry configured to use the electromagnetic energy received via the expandable antenna to charge the rechargeable power source.
16. The IMD of claim 15 , wherein the expandable antenna comprises an inductive loop antenna.
17. The IMD of claim 15 , wherein in the collapsed configuration, at least part of the expandable antenna is folded.
18. The IMD of claim 15 , further comprising a tissue attachment mechanism positioned proximate a distal end of the IMD, the tissue attachment mechanism configured to secure the IMD to tissue of the patient, wherein the tissue attachment mechanism does not require rotation of the IMD to secure the IMD to the tissue of the patient.
19. A method for deploying an implantable medical device (IMD), comprising:
with an expandable loop antenna of the IMD in a collapsed configuration, delivering the IMD to a desired implant location within a chamber of a patient's heart;
once delivered to the desired implant location, expanding the loop antenna of the IMD to an expanded configuration with the loop antenna disposed within the chamber of the patient's heart;
fixing the IMD to tissue at the desired implant location; and
wherein after fixing the IMD to tissue at the desired implant site, the loop antenna of the IMD remains in the expanded configuration inside of the chamber of the patient's heart and does not penetrate into the heart wall.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the IMD is fixed to tissue at the desired implant location before the loop antenna is expanded to the expanded configuration.