Dried spore germinative compound mixtures
In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a dried intimate mixture comprising a bacteria spore and a germinative compound, and methods for preparing the intimate mixture. In another aspect, this invention is directed to a composition comprising such an intimate mixture. The invention also relates to methods for increasing the germination, growth, metabolism, and/or enzyme activity of a bacteria spore comprising preparing an intimate mixture of a bacteria spore and a germinative compound.
1. A dried mixture comprising a bacterial spore and an L-amino acid, wherein the dried mixture is prepared by drying a solution comprising the L-amino acid and the bacterial spore, wherein the L-amino acid is adsorbed to or absorbed by the bacterial spore and binds to said bacterial spore's germination initiator sites when the mixture reaches an appropriate environment for germination, and wherein the bacterial spore in the dried mixture germinates more rapidly than a bacterial spore that is not dried with the L-amino acid.
2. The mixture of claim 1 wherein the spore is selected from the group consisting of B. alcalophilus, B. alvei, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. aneurinolyticus, B. anthracis, B. aquaemaris, B. atrophaeus, B. boronophilus, B. brevis, B. caldolyyicus, B. centrosporus, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. clausii, B. coagulans, B. firmus, B. flavothermus, B. fusiformis, B. globigii, B. infernus, B. larvae, B. laterosporus, B. lentus, B. lentimorbus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. mesentericus, B. mucilaginosus, B. mycoides, B. natto, B. pantothenicus, B. popilliae, B. polymyxa, B. pseudoanthracis, B. pumilus, B. schlegelii, B. simplex, B. sphaericus, B. sporothermodurans, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis, B. thermoglucosidasius, B. thuringiensis, B. vulgatis and B. weihenstephanensis.
3. The mixture of claim 1 wherein the L-amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-valine, L-proline, L-leucine, L-cysteine, L-threonine, L-glutamine, L-asparagine, L-phenylalanine and analogues thereof.
4. The mixture of claim 1 wherein said composition is a mixture selected from the group consisting of L-alanine+ Bacillus subtilis , L-alanine+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-alanine+ Bacillus pumilus , L-alanine+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-alanine+ Bacillus coagulans , L-alanine+ Bacillus cereus , L-alanine+ Bacillus clausii , L-valine+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-valine+ Bacillus pumilus , L-valine+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-valine+ Bacillus coagulans , L-valine+ Bacillus cereus , L-valine+ Bacillus clausii , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus subtilis , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus pumilus , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus coagulans , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus cereus , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus clausii , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus subtilis , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus pumilus , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus coagulans , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus cereus , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus clausii , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus subtilis , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus pumilus , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus coagulans , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus cereus , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus clausii , L-proline+glucose+ Bacillus megaterium , and L-proline+ Bacillus megaterium.
5. The mixture of claim 1 wherein the mixture is produced by spray-drying or freeze-drying.
6. The mixture of claim 1 wherein the spore is selected from the group consisting of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium , and B. pumilus ; and the L-amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-valine, and L-asparagine.
7. A composition comprising the dried mixture of claim 1 .
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the spore is selected from the group consisting of B. alcalophilus, B. alvei, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. aneurinolyticus, B. anthracis, B. aquaemaris, B. atrophaeus, B. boronophilus, B. brevis, B. caldolyyicus, B. centrosporus, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. clausii, B. coagulans, B. firmus, B. flavothermus, B. fusiformis, B. globigii, B. infernus, B. larvae, B. laterosporus, B. lentus, B. lentimorbus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. mesentericus, B. mucilaginosus, B. mycoides, B. natto, B. pantothenicus, B. popilliae, B. polymyxa, B. pseudoanthracis, B. pumilus, B. schlegelii, B. simplex, B. sphaericus, B. sporothermodurans, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis, B. thermoglucosidasius, B. thuringiensis, B. vulgatis and B. weihenstephanensis.
9. The composition of claim 7 wherein the L-amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-valine, L-proline, L-leucine, L-cysteine, L-threonine, L-glutamine, L-asparagine, L-phenylalanine and analogues thereof.
10. The composition of claim 7 wherein said composition is a mixture selected from the group consisting of L-alanine+ Bacillus subtilis , L-alanine+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-alanine+ Bacillus pumilus , L-alanine+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-alanine+ Bacillus coagulans , L-alanine+ Bacillus cereus , L-alanine+ Bacillus clausii , L-valine+ Bacillus subtilis , L-valine+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-valine+ Bacillus pumilus , L-valine+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-valine+ Bacillus coagulans , L-valine+ Bacillus cereus , L-valine+ Bacillus clausii , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus subtilis , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus pumilus , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus coagulans , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus cereus , L-alanine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus clausii , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus subtilis , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus pumilus , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus coagulans , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus cereus , L-asparagine+glucose+fructose+potassium ions (GFK)+ Bacillus clausii , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus subtilis , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus licheniformis , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus pumilus , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus coagulans , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus cereus , L-alanine+inosine+ Bacillus clausii , L-proline+glucose+ Bacillus megaterium , and L-proline+ Bacillus megaterium.
11. The composition of claim 7 wherein the mixture is produced by spray-drying or freeze-drying.
12. The composition of claim 7 wherein the composition further comprises an enteric coating.
13. The composition of claim 7 wherein the spore is selected from the group consisting of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium , and B. pumilus ; and the L-amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-valine, and L-asparagine.
14. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the L-amino acid is formulated, prior to drying, at a concentration of 0.0003 mg/mL to 30 mg/mL.
15. A method for preparing a dried mixture comprising a bacterial spore and an L-amino acid, the method comprising:
a) preparing a solution comprising a bacterial spore and an L-amino acid; and
b) drying the solution to obtain a dried mixture comprising the bacterial spore and the L-amino acid,
wherein the L-amino acid is adsorbed to or absorbed by the bacterial spore and binds to said bacterial spore's germination initiator sites when the mixture reaches an appropriate environment for germination, and wherein the bacterial spore in the dried mixture germinates more rapidly than a bacterial spore that is not dried with the L-amino acid.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the drying is spray-drying or freeze-drying.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the spore is selected from the group consisting of B. alcalophilus, B. alvei, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. aneurinolyticus, B. anthracis, B. aquaemaris, B. atrophaeus, B. boronophilus, B. brevis, B. caldolyyicus, B. centrosporus, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. clausii, B. coagulans, B. firmus, B. flavothermus, B. fusiformis, B. globigii, B. infernus, B. larvae, B. laterosporus, B. lentus, B. lentimorbus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. mesentericus, B. mucilaginosus, B. mycoides, B. natto, B. pantothenicus, B. popilliae, B. polymyxa, B. pseudoanthracis, B. pumilus, B. schlegelii, B. simplex, B. sphaericus, B. sporothermodurans, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis, B. thermoglucosidasius, B. thuringiensis, B. vulgatis and B. weihenstephanensis.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the spore is selected from the group consisting of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium , and B. pumilus ; and the L-amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-valine, and L-asparagine.
19. A dried mixture produced by the method of claim 15 .
20. A method for increasing the germination of bacterial spores, comprising:
a) preparing a solution comprising a bacterial spore and an L-amino acid; and
b) drying the solution to obtain a dried mixture comprising the bacterial spore and the L-amino acid, wherein the L-amino acid is adsorbed to or absorbed by the bacterial spore and binds to said bacterial spore's germination initiator sites when the mixture reaches an appropriate environment for germination; and
c) exposing the mixture to an environment conducive to germination of the bacterial spores, wherein the germination of the bacterial spores in the dried mixture is increased relative to a corresponding bacterial spore formulation that lacks the L-amino acid.