Process for making pressure-sensitive adhesive and duct tape
A continuous process for making a pressure-sensitive adhesive is disclosed. A mixture comprising natural rubber having a Mooney viscosity of 85 to 100, a tackifier, a filler, and 0.1 to 5 wt. % of an added C 12 -C 24 fatty acid based on the amount of mixture is masticated in a first section of a single- or twin-screw extruder. Mastication of the mixture continues in at least one subsequent extruder section in the presence of additional tackifier. The product is a homogeneous, reduced-viscosity pressure-sensitive adhesive. The minor proportion of added C 12 -C 24 fatty acid aids mastication of the rubber and enables high throughput without addition of peptizers. Duct tapes made from the adhesives display improved adhesion to steel, better adhesion bond strength, and enhanced seven-day clean removability from even difficult substrates such as marble or ceramic tile.
1. A continuous process for making a pressure-sensitive adhesive, comprising: (a) in a single- or twin-screw extruder, in a first section at a temperature within the range of 10° C. to 45° C., masticating a mixture comprising natural rubber having a Mooney viscosity within the range of 85 to 100, a tackifier, and a filler in the presence of 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the amount of mixture, of an added C 12 -C 24 fatty acid; and
(b) continuing to masticate the mixture in at least one subsequent extruder section at a temperature within the range of 45° C. to 100° C. in the presence of additional tackifier to produce a homogeneous pressure-sensitive adhesive having a viscosity, measured at 150° C. and a shear rate of 5000 s −1 , at least 15% lower than the viscosity of a pressure-sensitive adhesive prepared by a similar process without the added C 12 -C 24 fatty acid.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the natural rubber has a Mooney viscosity within the range of 90 to 98.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the natural rubber has, as measured by gel permeation chromatography, a weight-average molecular weight of at least 0.5×10 6 g/mol and a polydispersity of at least 4.5.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the tackifier comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of rosin acids, partially polymerized rosin acids, rosin esters, terpene ester resins, hydrocarbon resins, terpene resins, terpene-phenol resins, terpene-hydrocarbon resins, and mixtures thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the filler comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide, clays, dolomites, silicas, aluminas, and mixtures thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the fatty acid has a melting point greater than 25° C.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid, palmitic acid, and mixtures thereof.
8. The process of claim 1 performed in the presence of 0.2 to 2 wt. %, based on the amount of mixture, of the added C 12 -C 24 fatty acid.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive has a viscosity, measured at 150° C. and a shear rate of 5000 s −1 , at least 20% lower than the viscosity of a pressure-sensitive adhesive prepared by a similar process without the added C 12 -C 24 fatty acid.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the temperature in the first section is within the range of 20° C. to 30° C.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein at least 80 wt. % of the tackifier is introduced in a section of the extruder subsequent to the first section.
12. The process of claim 1 performed in the absence of a chemical peptizer.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the residence time of the natural rubber in the extruder is less than five minutes.
14. A process for making a duct tape, comprising:
(a) in a single- or twin-screw extruder, in a first section at a temperature within the range of 10° C. to 45° C., masticating a mixture comprising natural rubber having a Mooney viscosity within the range of 85 to 100, a tackifier, and a filler in the presence of 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the amount of mixture, of an added C 12 -C 24 fatty acid;
(b) continuing to masticate the mixture in at least one subsequent extruder section at a temperature within the range of 45° C. to 100° C. in the presence of additional tackifier to produce a homogeneous pressure-sensitive adhesive having a viscosity, measured at 150° C. and a shear rate of 5000 s −1 , at least 15% lower than the viscosity of a pressure-sensitive adhesive prepared by a similar process without the added C 12 -C 24 fatty acid; and
(c) calendering the pressure-sensitive adhesive onto a backing comprising a polyolefin and a cloth scrim to produce the duct tape.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the polyolefin is low-density polyethylene.