Image forming apparatus, developer used thereby, and image forming method
An image forming apparatus ( 1 ) includes an image bearing member ( 50 ), a charging section ( 51 ), a developing section ( 52 ), and a cleaning member ( 81 ). The image bearing member ( 50 ) contains filler particles ( 87 ). The charging section ( 51 ) is either in contact with or positioned close to the image bearing member ( 50 ) and is configured to electrically charge the image bearing member ( 50 ) by generating a proximity discharge between the charging section ( 51 ) and the image bearing member ( 50 ). The developing section ( 52 ) supplies toner to the circumferential surface of the charged image bearing member ( 50 ). The cleaning member ( 81 ) has a degree of hardness equal to or higher than 65° and a degree of impact resilience equal to or lower than 30%. The cleaning member ( 81 ) is brought into pressure contact with the circumferential surface of the image bearing member ( 50 ) being rotated, by applying linear pressure equal to or higher than 15 gf/cm.
1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image bearing member including a single-layer-type photosensitive layer containing a binder resin and filler particles, the filler particles being contained in an amount in a range from 3 parts by mass to 40 parts by mass inclusive with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin;
a charging section that is either in contact with or positioned close to the image bearing member and that electrically charges the image bearing member by generating a proximity discharge between the charging section and the image bearing member;
a developing section that supplies toner to a circumferential surface of the charged image bearing member;
a cleaning member that is brought into pressure contact with the circumferential surface of the image bearing member being rotated, by applying linear pressure equal to or higher than 15 gf/cm; and
a driving mechanism that causes the image bearing member and the cleaning member to reciprocate relative to each other along a rotation axis direction of the image bearing member, wherein
the cleaning member has a degree of hardness equal to or higher than 65° and a degree of impact resilience equal to or lower than 30%,
a volume median diameter of the filler particles is in a range from 0.07 μm to 5.0 μm inclusive,
surface roughness of the image bearing member is larger than 0.2 μm and is equal to or smaller than 1.5 μm,
a moving distance by which the image bearing member and the cleaning member move relative to each other while the image bearing member rotates once is longer than 0 μm and is equal to or shorter than 100 μm,
the cleaning member is brought into pressure contact with the circumferential surface of the image bearing member being rotated, by applying linear pressure equal to or larger than a value selected according to the moving distance, and
the driving mechanism causes the image bearing member to reciprocate.
2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the cleaning member is brought into pressure contact with the circumferential surface of the image bearing member being rotated, by applying linear pressure in a range from 15 gf/cm to 46 gf/cm inclusive.
3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the toner includes a plurality of toner particles,
each of the plurality of toner particles has a toner base particle and an external additive adhering to a surface of the toner base particle, and
the external additive includes a polishing agent.
4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein
the external additive further includes resin beads.
5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising a developer, wherein
the developer includes the toner.
6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the photosensitive layer includes a positively-chargeable single-layer-type organic photoconductor.
7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
a lowest fusing temperature of the toner is 160° C. or lower.
8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
a friction coefficient of the filler particles is smaller than a friction coefficient of the binder resin, and
a degree of hardness of the filler particles is higher than a degree of hardness of the binder resin.
9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
a maximum displacement amount of the image bearing member with respect to the rotation axis direction is in a range from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm inclusive.