Viral neoepitopes and uses thereof
Contemplated antiviral/cancer treatments comprise analysis of neoepitopes from viral DNA that has integrated into the host genome, and design of immunotherapeutic agents against such neoepitopes.
1. A method of treating a patient having a virus-associated tumor, comprising:
obtaining a biopsy sample from the virus-associated tumor of the patient and analyzing the biopsy sample to identify a non-patient nucleic acid in the virus-associated tumor;
determining a plurality of nucleic acid sequences encoding patient-specific and tumor-specific neoepitopes for the virus-associated tumor by identifying overlaps between the non-patient nucleic acid and a reference nucleic acid of a virus known to be related to the virus-associated tumor, wherein each of the neoepitopes has a length of between 5 and 30 amino acids, and wherein the non-patient nucleic acid includes a mutation compared to the reference nucleic acid of the virus related to the virus-associated tumor, and wherein the mutation occurs upon insertion of the non-patient nucleic acid into a patient's host genome;
identifying an HLA-matched neoepitope from the plurality of patient-specific and tumor-specific neoepitopes, wherein the HLA-matched neoepitope includes the non-patient nucleic acid, includes the mutation, and has a dissociation constant equal to or less than 100 nM with an HLA-type of the patient; and
administering to the patient having the virus-associated tumor an immunotherapeutic composition comprising a recombinant virus that includes the nucleic acid encoding the HLA-matched neoepitope or a recombinant cell expressing a recombinant protein that targets the HLA-matched neoepitope, thereby triggering an immune response against the HLA-matched neoepitope of the virus-associated tumor.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying the non-patient nucleic acid further comprises matching omics data of the virus-associated tumor tissue of the patient against a healthy tissue of the same patient.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the non-patient nucleic acid is a portion of a genome of the virus.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of neoepitopes are generated for a gene expressed in the virus-associated tumor tissue of the patient.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the reference nucleic acid includes a plurality of nucleic acid sequences of known HLA types.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the nucleic acid encoding the HLA-matched neoepitope includes a nucleic acid fragment encoding a targeting peptide that directs a neoepitope matched with an MHC-II subtype HLA for an MHC-II presentation pathway.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the recombinant virus includes a recombinant nucleic acid encoding the HLA-matched neoepitope as a multimer.
8. A method of making a patient-specific immunotherapeutic composition for treating a patient having a virus-associated tumor, comprising:
obtaining a biopsy sample from the virus-associated tumor of the patient and analyzing the biopsy sample to identify a non-patient nucleic acid in the virus-associated tumor;
determining a plurality of nucleic acid sequences encoding epitopes and a neoepitope having a length of between 5 and 30 amino acids by identifying overlaps between the non-patient nucleic acid and a reference nucleic acid of a virus known to be related to the virus-associated tumor, wherein the non-patient nucleic acid includes a mutation, wherein the mutation occurs upon insertion of the non-patient nucleic acid into a patient's host genome;
identifying an HLA-matched neoepitope from the plurality of patient-specific and tumor-specific neoepitopes, wherein the HLA-matched neoepitope includes the non-patient nucleic acid, includes the mutation, and has a dissociation constant equal to or less than 100 nM with an HLA-type of the patient; and
making the patient-specific immunotherapeutic composition comprising a recombinant virus that includes a nucleic acid fragment encoding the HLA-matched neoepitope, or a recombinant cell expressing a recombinant protein that targets the HLA-matched neoepitope.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein identifying the non-patient nucleic acid further comprises matching omics data of the virus-associated tumor tissue of the patient against a healthy tissue of the same patient.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the virus integrates at least a portion of the virus genome into the patient's genome.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the plurality of epitopes for the reference nucleic acid are calculated for at least one gene expressed by the virus.
12. The method of claim 8 further comprising a step of determining in silico an HLA-type of the virus-associated tumor tissue of the patient.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the nucleic acid encoding the HLA-matched neoepitope includes a nucleic acid fragment encoding a targeting peptide that directs a neoepitope matched with an MHC-II subtype HLA for an MHC-II presentation pathway.
14. A method of using omics data from a patient having a virus-associated tumor that includes a patient-specific and tumor-specific mutation, comprising:
obtaining a biopsy sample from the virus-associated tumor of the patient and analyzing the biopsy sample to identify a non-patient nucleic acid in the virus-associated tumor;
determining a plurality of nucleic acid sequences encoding patient-specific and tumor-specific neoepitopes having a length of between 5 and 30 amino acids by identifying overlaps between the non-patient nucleic acid and a reference nucleic acid of a virus related to a virus-associated tumor, wherein the non-patient nucleic acid includes a mutation generated upon insertion of the non-patient nucleic acid into a patient's host genome;
identifying an HLA-matched neoepitope from the plurality of patient-specific and tumor-specific neoepitopes, wherein the HLA-matched neoepitope includes the non-patient nucleic acid, includes the mutation, and has a dissociation constant equal to or less than 100 nM with an HLA-type of the patient; and
making a nucleic acid construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding an HLA-matched neoepitope having the non-patient nucleic acid that includes the mutation wherein the mutation occurs upon insertion of the non-patient nucleic acid into a patient's host genome, and wherein the HLA-matched neoepitope is one of the plurality of neoepitopes having a calculated dissociation constant of equal to or less than 100 nM.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the plurality of neoepitopes are generated for a gene expressed by the virus-associated tumor tissue of the patient.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the nucleic acid construct comprises a CRISPR/Cas9 cassette.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the nucleic acid construct further comprises a guide RNA that is specific to the non-patient nucleic acid.