Positive electrode active material for lithium secondary battery, preparing method thereof, and lithium secondary battery including positive electrode including the same
A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery, the positive electrode active material including nickel, cobalt, and manganese, wherein the positive electrode active material has a core part and a surface part, an amount of manganese in the core part and the surface part is higher than 25 mol %, and amounts of nickel and cobalt in the positive electrode active material vary such that a concentration gradient of the nickel and the cobalt in a direction from the core part to the surface part is present in the positive electrode active material.
1. A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, the positive electrode active material comprising nickel, cobalt, and manganese,
wherein:
the positive electrode active material has a core part and a surface part,
an amount of manganese in the core part and the surface part is higher than 25 mol %,
amounts of nickel and cobalt in the positive electrode active material vary such that a concentration gradient of the nickel and the cobalt in a direction from the core part to the surface part is present in the positive electrode active material,
the amount of nickel in the core part is about 50 mol % or higher, and
the amount of nickel in the surface part is in a range of about 30 mol % to about 40 mol %.
2. The positive electrode active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amount of cobalt increases in a direction from the core part to the surface part.
3. The positive electrode active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the amount of cobalt in the core part is about 15 mol % or higher, and
the amount of cobalt in the surface part is in a range of about 30 mol % to about 40 mol %.
4. The positive electrode active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode active material is a compound represented by Formula 1:
LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 [Formula 1]
wherein, in Formula 1, 0.40≤x≤0.70, 0.05≤y≤0.35, and 0.25<z≤0.40.
5. The positive electrode active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode active material has no boundary between the core part and the surface part.
6. The positive electrode active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a composition of the positive electrode active material at the core part thereof continuously changes to a different composition at the surface part thereof.
7. The positive electrode active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein, in the positive electrode active material,
the amount of nickel in the core part is in a range of about 50 mol % to about 55 mol %, the amount of nickel in the surface part is in a range of about 35 mol % to about 45 mol %, and the amount of nickel gradually decreases from the core part to the surface part;
the amount of manganese in the core part and the surface part is in a range of about 26 mol % to about 32 mol %; and
the amount of cobalt in the core part is in a range of about 15 mol % to about 25 mol %, the amount of cobalt in the surface part is in a range of about 30 mol % to about 35 mol %, and the amount of cobalt gradually increases from the core part to the surface part.
8. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 1 , the method comprising:
mixing a positive electrode active material precursor represented by Formula 2 with a cobalt precursor, and primary heat-treating the mixture to prepare a positive electrode active material precursor having a functional gradient layer; and
mixing the positive electrode active material precursor having a functional gradient layer with a lithium precursor, and secondary heat-treating the resultant to prepare the positive electrode active material:
Ni x Co y Mn z OH [Formula 2]
wherein, in Formula 2, 0.40≤x≤0.70, 0.05≤y≤0.35, and 0.25<z≤0.40.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein an amount of the cobalt precursor is in a range of about 1 part to about 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material precursor represented by Formula 2 and the cobalt precursor.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the primary heat-treating is performed at a temperature in a range of about 450° C. to about 800° C.
11. A lithium secondary battery comprising an active material, the active material including nickel, cobalt, and manganese,
wherein:
the positive electrode active material has a core part and a surface part,
an amount of manganese in the core part and the surface part is higher than 25 mol %, and
amounts of nickel and cobalt in the positive electrode active material vary such that a concentration gradient of the nickel and the cobalt in a direction from the core part to the surface part is present in the positive electrode active material,
the amount of nickel in the core part is about 50 mol % or higher, and
the amount of nickel in the surface part is in a range of about 30 mol % to about 40 mol %.
12. The lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the amount of cobalt increases in a direction from the core part to the surface part.
13. The lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 11 , wherein:
the amount of cobalt in the core part is about 15 mol % or higher, and
the amount of cobalt in the surface part is in a range of about 30 mol % to about 40 mol %.
14. The lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the positive electrode active material is a compound represented by Formula 1:
LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 [Formula 1]
wherein, in Formula 1, 0.40≤x≤0.70, 0.05≤y≤0.35, and 0.25<z≤0.40.
15. The lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the positive electrode active material has no boundary between the core part and the surface part.
16. The lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 11 , wherein, in the positive electrode active material,
the amount of nickel in the core part is in a range of about 50 mol % to about 55 mol %, the amount of nickel in the surface part is in a range of about 35 mol % to about 45 mol %, and the amount of nickel gradually decreases from the core part to the surface part;
the amount of manganese in the core part and the surface part is in a range of about 26 mol % to about 32 mol %; and
the amount of cobalt in the core part is in a range of about 15 mol % to about 25 mol %, the amount of cobalt in the surface part is in a range of about 30 mol % to about 35 mol %, and the amount of cobalt gradually increases from the core part to the surface part.
17. The positive electrode active material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amount of manganese in the core part and the amount of manganese in the surface part is constant.
18. The lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 11 , wherein, in the positive electrode active material, the amount of manganese in the core part and the amount of manganese in the surface part is constant.