Controlled laser irradiation atom source
A method of generating at least one trapped atom of a specific species, the method comprising the steps of: positioning a sample material ( 18 ) comprising a specific species in a vacuum ( 14 ); generate an atomic vapor ( 20 ) of the specific species by irradiating the sample material with a first laser ( 12 ); trapping one or more atoms from the generated atomic vapor.
1. A method of generating a vapour of neutral atoms of a specific species, the method comprising the steps of:
positioning a sample material comprising a compound of the specific species, in a vacuum; and
irradiating the compound with a first laser, thereby to generate a vapour of neutral atoms of the specific species from the compound of the specific species, wherein the neutral atoms of the specific species in the vapour of neutral atoms of the specific species have a velocity of less than 50 ms −1 , and wherein a power output of the first laser is selected such that an intensity at the sample material is less than 4 kW/cm 2 .
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power output of the first laser is selected such that the irradiating step generates less thermal energy of the sample material than is required to evapourate or sublimate the sample material by heating.
3. The method of claim 1 comprising the step of adjusting the power of the first laser.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first laser is a continuous wave laser.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the specific species is a metal.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal is an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal is beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium or ytterbium.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample material is oxidised strontium.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a material comprising the specific species is treated to form an intermediate compound and the intermediate compound is used as the compound of the specific species that is irradiated by the first laser.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the compound is a metal oxide or hydroxide.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein strontium is treated to form strontium oxide and the strontium oxide is irradiated to generate a vapour of strontium atoms.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample material is a powder, formed into a thin film, wherein the powder comprises particles with diameters in the range of 5 to 150 microns.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of preparing the sample material, prior to the step of irradiating the compound, by
mixing a powder with a solvent to form a paste;
spreading the paste onto a surface; and
allowing the solvent to substantially evapourate, thereby to provide the sample material.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the power output of the first laser is greater than 7 mW.