Glucosamine peptide compounds for treating liver metabolic disorders
A glucosamine peptide compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful for treating liver metabolic disorders, wherein the glucosamine peptide compound may have the structure of Glc-L-Pep, and wherein Glc represents glucosamine moiety, L represents a linker, Pep represents a peptide moiety consisting of two to six amino acid residues, Glc and L are bonded by an ether linkage, and L and Pep are bonded by an amide linkage. The liver metabolic disorders include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis or a combination thereof.
1. A method of alleviating fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis or liver fibrosis induced by high fat diet comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a glucosamine peptide compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein the glucosamine peptide compound has a structure of Glc-L-Pep, and wherein Glc is a glucosamine moiety, L is a linker, Pep is a peptide moiety consisting of two to six amino acid residues, Glc and L are bonded by an ether linkage, and L and Pep are bonded by an amide linkage,
wherein the glucosamine moiety has an amino group acylated to form an amide bond, and
wherein the effective amount is determined by measuring or by imaging reduction of lipid droplets to 30 percent of area relative to the total field of view.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acyl group has a substitution of C 1 -C 12 alkyl or C 6 -C 10 aryl.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more hydroxyl groups of the glucosamine moiety is amino-modified, thio-modified, glycoside-modified, glucosamine-modified or acylated.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein -L- is
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein Pep is a peptide moiety consisting of two or three amino acid residues.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein Pep has a substitution of a lipophilic group.