Weight-reducing discs, specially designed meshes and the method that includes the aforesaid, for producing weight-reduced structure such as slabs, pre-slabs, floors, partitions and beams
This invention refers to a weight-lightening disc for making light reinforced concrete structures such as slabs, prefabricated slabs, foundation slabs, partition walls and beams; to a mesh, specifically designed for this invention and to the construction method to make such structures. The method allows manufacturing the components that make it possible to construct buildings with light reinforced concrete structures. The field of application of the invention is construction in general, such as houses, buildings and bridges. The invention provides a solution to the problem of lightening of the structures, including a construction method that comprises a set of weight-lightening discs in combination with electro-welded meshes (specially designed for the each specific thickness of the slab) and the hooks that hold together the meshes. The compound of elements and the method allow lightening minimum-thickness slabs.
1. A reinforced concrete structure comprising:
an upper mesh and a lower mesh;
at least one weight-lightening disc that includes a body forming a hollow volume, the body having a spherical shape defined by an X axis and a Y axis that is perpendicular to the X axis, wherein the body is flattened along the Y axis and forms upper and lower flattened faces and curved sides that are symmetrical about the X axis;
the body forming an additional volume at the lower and upper flattened faces projecting outwardly from said faces, the additional volumes inscribed within a circle and configured to provide immobilization and engagement of the body when the body is disposed between the upper mesh and the lower mesh, wherein each of the upper and lower meshes is constructed by arranging two sets of parallel steel bars into a grid that includes holes formed between the two sets of parallel steel bars, wherein the additional projecting volume inscribed within the circle is sufficiently sized to fit into and engage the holes in the mesh thus preventing displacement of the body when the additional volume engages the respective hole in the upper mesh and the lower mesh;
tensioning elements holding together both upper and lower mesh imprisoning in between said at least one weight-lightening disc; and
concrete filling and covering said upper and lower mesh and covering the hollow volume of said at least one weight-lightening disc.
2. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1 , wherein in said weight-lightening disc the dimension and profile of the additional upper projecting volume inscribed within a circle is similar to the additional lower projecting volume inscribed within a circle.
3. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1 , wherein the holes in the upper mesh are similar to the holes in the lower mesh.
4. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1 , wherein the dimensions of the body along the Y axis and the X axes and a radius of curvature of the curved sides varies along the body.
5. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1 , wherein the profile of the additional projecting volume inscribed within a circle is chosen within an annulus, a hexagon, a five and six pointed star, a lobular figure, a cross and a plurality of small cylindrical projections.
6. A reinforced concrete structure according to claim 5 , wherein an upper and lower projecting annulus has at least one slot communicating with an inner volume of said annulus with the external surfaces of said weight-lightening disc.
7. A construction method for making light reinforced concrete structures including slabs, prefabricated slabs, foundation slabs, partition walls and beams, which includes weight-lightening discs and a mesh, the method comprising:
a) placing at least one of formworks and molding tracks;
b) placing on the one of the formworks and molding tracks lower meshes designed with protruding bars in two directions, wherein the bars are at least one of electro-welded, tied with wire, and modular, the lower meshes forming a grid that includes a plurality of openings between bars defined in the lower mesh;
c) placing and fitting weight-lightening discs in the grid of the lower meshes;
d) placing upper meshes designed with protruding bars in two directions onto the upper faces of the discs, the upper meshes forming a grid that includes a plurality of holes between bars defined in the upper mesh being aligned with the holes in the lower mesh, wherein each of the upper and lower meshes is constructed by arranging two sets of parallel steel bars into a grid that includes the holes formed between the two sets of parallel steel bars, wherein the discs are immobilized and positioned between the grid of the lower meshes and the grid of the upper meshes in a correct position by additional volumes inscribed with a circle projecting from the upper and lower faces of the discs, the additional volumes fitting into and engaging the holes in the upper and lower meshes; and
e) attaching the upper and the lower meshes by connecting elements in preparation for a concreting operation; and
f) pouring concrete until the upper mesh is conveniently covered.
8. A construction method according to claim 7 , wherein concreting comprises pouring concrete in two stages.