Determining distance to source of passive intermodulation product (PIM) in a distributed base station
A method for determining the distance to source of a passive intermodulation (PIM) product for a distributed base station is provided. The method includes generating a test signal; transmitting the test signal on a front haul communication link between a baseband unit and a remote radio head of the distributed base station; receiving the PIM product as a reflected signal at the remote radio head; multiplying the reflected signal by a conjugate of the test signal to create a sinewave; determining a frequency of the sinewave; and determining the distance to the source of the PIM based on the determined frequency of the sinewave.
1. A method for determining the distance to a source of a passive intermodulation (PIM) product for a distributed base station, the method comprising:
generating a test signal wherein the test signal comprises a chirp defined by:
chirp
(
n
)
=
Ae
{
j
2
π
(
f
t
n
+
1
2
mn
2
)
}
with an initial frequency (f t ) that is set to a negative value and a frequency change rate (m) is positive, A is a constant, and n is a discrete time index;
transmitting the test signal on a front haul communication link between a baseband unit and a remote radio head of the distributed base station;
receiving the PIM product as a reflected signal at the remote radio head;
multiplying the reflected signal by a conjugate of the test signal to create a sinewave;
determining a frequency of the sinewave; and
determining the distance to the source of the PIM based on the determined frequency of the sinewave.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the test signal comprises generating a chirp signal and a continuous wave (CW) signal.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating the test signal includes generating a PN sequence, a Zadoff-Chu sequence or any sequence that shows good correlation properties.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting the test signal comprises transmitting the test signal at a high enough power to generated an intermodulation (IM) product in a component of the remote radio head in order to estimate the RRH round trip delay and the delay of the front haul link.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the distance to the source comprises determining round trip travel time between the remote radio head and the PIM source from the frequency of the reflected signal.
6. A method for determining the distance to a source of a passive intermodulation (PIM) product for a distributed base station, the method comprising:
generating a test signal wherein the test signal comprises a chirp defined by:
chirp
(
n
)
=
Ae
{
j
2
π
(
f
t
n
+
1
2
mn
2
)
}
with an initial frequency (f t ) that is set to a negative value and a frequency change rate (m) is positive, A is a constant, and n is a discrete time index;
transmitting the test signal on a front haul communication link between a baseband unit and a remote radio head of the distributed base station;
receiving the PIM product as a reflected signal at the remote radio head;
analyzing an Eigen component of the reflected signal; and
determining the distance to the source of the PIM based on the analysis of the Eigen component.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein analyzing an Eigen component comprises:
multiplying the reflected signal by a conjugate of the test signal to create a sinewave; and
determining a frequency of the sinewave, wherein the distance to the source of the PIM is based on the frequency of the sinewave.
8. A tester for determining the distance from a distributed base station to a source of passive intermodulation (PIM), the tester comprising:
a signal generator configured to be coupled to a front haul communication link between a baseband unit and a remote radio head of the distributed base station, wherein the signal generator is configured to generate a test signal, wherein the test signal comprises a chirp defined by:
chirp
(
n
)
=
Ae
{
j
2
π
(
f
t
n
+
1
2
mn
2
)
}
with an initial frequency (f t ) that is set to a negative value and a frequency change rate (m) is positive, A is a constant, and n is a discrete time index, and to transmit the test signal on the front haul communication link;
a digital signal processor, configured to be coupled to the front haul communication link, wherein the digital signal processor is operable to cause the tester to do the following:
receiving the PIM product as a reflected signal at the remote radio head;
multiplying the reflected signal by a conjugate of the test signal to create a sinewave;
determining a frequency of the sinewave; and
determining the distance to the source of the PIM based on the determined frequency of the sinewave.
9. The tester of claim 8 , wherein the digital signal processor includes a chirp product module that is configured to multiply the reflected signal by a conjugate of a reference chirp signal.
10. The tester of claim 9 , wherein the digital signal processor includes a cross correlation module, coupled to the chirp product module, that is configured to apply cross correlation to the sinewave from the chirp product module.
11. The tester of claim 10 , wherein the digital signal processor includes a frequency estimation circuit, coupled to the cross correlation module, that is configured to determine the frequency of the sinewave.
12. The tester of claim 11 , wherein the frequency estimation circuit includes:
an Eigen decomposition module, configured to separate the output of the cross correlation module into a noise subspace and a signal subspace;
a vector extractor, coupled to the Eigen decomposition module, configured to extract a first vector that corresponds to the signal subspace and at least one vector corresponding to the noise subspace; and
a least square estimator, coupled to the vector extractor, configured to extract the frequency of the first vector.
13. The tester of claim 11 , wherein the digital signal processor further comprises a summation module that is adapted to sum at least two sample bunches of signals received at the digital signal processor.