Intrinsic and activated A
Mixed halide scintillation materials of a first general formula A 4 B (1-y) M y X′ 6(1-z) X″ 6z and a second general formula A (4-y) BM y X′ 6(1-z) X″ 6z are disclosed. In the general formulas, A is an alkali metal, B is an alkaline earth metal, and X′ and X″ are two different halogen atoms. Scintillation materials of the first general formula include a divalent external activator M such as Eu 2+ or Yb 2+ or a trivalent external activator M such as Ce 3+ . Scintillation materials of the second general formula include a monovalent external activator M such as In + , Na + , or Tl + or a trivalent external activator such as Ce 3+ .
1. A scintillator comprising a chemical compound having the chemical formula
A 4 B (1-y) M y X′ 6(1-z) X″ 6z , wherein
0≤y≤1,
0≤z≤1,
M is Eu,
X′ is Br or I, and
X″ is different from X′ and is one of F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination thereof, and wherein
A is Cs, B is Ca, X′ is I, M is Eu, and z=0; or
A is Cs, B is Ca, X′ is Br, X″ is I, M is Eu, and z=5/6; or
A is Cs, B is Ca, X′ is Br, M is Eu, and z=0; or
A is K, B is Sr, X′ is I, M is Eu, and z=0; or
A is a combination of Cs and K, B is Ca, X′ is I, M is Eu, and z=0; or
A is Cs, B is Ca, X′ is I, y=0, and z=0.
2. The scintillator of claim 1 , wherein M is Eu 2+ .
3. The scintillator of claim 1 , wherein A is Cs, B is Ca, X′ is I, M is Eu, and z=0.
4. The scintillator of claim 1 , wherein A is Cs, B is Ca, X′ is Br, X″ is I, M is Eu, and z=5/6.
5. The scintillator of claim 1 , wherein A is Cs, B is Ca, X′ is Br, M is Eu, and z=0.
6. The scintillator of claim 1 , wherein A is K, B is Sr, X′ is I, M is Eu, and z=0.
7. The scintillator of claim 1 , wherein A is a combination of Cs and K, B is Ca, X′ is I, M is Eu, and z=0.
8. The scintillator of claim 1 , wherein A is Cs, B is Ca, X′ is I, y=0, and z=0.
9. A scintillator comprising a chemical compound having the chemical formula
A (4-y) BM y X′ 6(1-z) X″ 6z , wherein
0≤y≤1,
A is Cs, B is Sr, X′ is I, M is In, and z=0.
10. The scintillator of claim 9 , wherein M is In + .
11. The scintillator of claim 9 , wherein y=0.
12. A scintillator comprising a chemical compound having the chemical formula A 4 B (1-y) M y X′ 6(1-z) X″ 6z , wherein
0≤y≤1,
0≤z≤1,
A is a combination of Cs and at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and In,
B is Ca, or B is Mg, or B is a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba,
M is one of Eu and Yb,
X′ is one of F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination thereof, and
X″ is different from X′ and is one of F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination thereof.
13. The scintillator of claim 12 , wherein M is one of Eu 2+ and Yb 2+ .
14. A scintillator comprising a chemical compound having the chemical formula A 4 B (1-y) M y X′ 6(1-z) X″ 6z , wherein
0≤y≤1,
0≤z≤1,
A is a combination of Cs and at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, In and Tl,
B is Ca, or B is Mg, or B is a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba,
M is one of Eu and Yb,
X′ is one of F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination thereof, and
X″ is different from X′ and is one of F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination thereof.
15. The scintillator of claim 14 , wherein M is one of Eu 2+ and Yb 2+ .
16. The scintillator of claim 14 , wherein A is a combination of Cs and Tl, and M is Eu.
17. The scintillator of claim 14 , wherein A is a combination of Cs, K and Tl, B is Ca, X′ is I, M is Eu, and z=0.