Pneumatic door closer
A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.
1. A pneumatic door closer of a door pivotally mounted in a door frame, comprising:
a guide track on the door frame;
first and second piston assemblies on the door;
a rod having a first end slidably mounted in the guide track and a second end attached to the first piston assembly;
the first piston assembly having a first piston;
the second piston assembly having a second piston with first and second gas chambers on opposite sides of the second piston;
the first and second pistons moving in unison when the door opens and closes;
a first passage between the first and second gas chambers to allow gas flow from the second chamber to the first chamber when the door is opening; and
a second passage between the first and second gas chambers to allow gas flow from the first chamber to the second chamber, the second passage comprising an axial inlet, an axial outlet, a throttle passage, and a radial vent hole, wherein the throttle passage extends along a labyrinthine path on a radial surface of the second piston to connect the axial outlet and the radial vent hole;
wherein when the door is closing, the first passage is sealed forcing the gas to flow from the first chamber through the axial inlet, the axial outlet, the throttle passage, and the radial vent hole, in turn, and into the second chamber, so as to dampen door closing.
2. The pneumatic door closer of claim 1 wherein the first piston assembly includes a first housing in which the first piston is slidably mounted, and the second piston assembly includes a second housing in which the second piston is slidably mounted and in which the first and second chambers are formed.
3. The pneumatic door closer of claim 2 wherein the first passage resides between the second piston and the second housing.
4. The pneumatic door closer of claim 2 further comprising a piston rod extending between the first and second pistons.
5. The pneumatic door closer of claim 4 further comprising a seal element on the piston rod.
6. The pneumatic door closer of claim 4 further comprising a cam in the first housing and connected to the rod and engaging the first piston to slide the first piston within the first housing as the door opens and closes.
7. The pneumatic door closer of claim 1 wherein the second piston includes a throttle, and the second passage is formed in the throttle.
8. The pneumatic door closer of claim 1 wherein movement of the second piston inversely varies the volumes of the first and second chambers.
9. The pneumatic door closer of claim 1 wherein the first and second piston assemblies are co-axial with one another.
10. The pneumatic door closer of claim 1 further comprising seals on the second piston assembly to maintain the first and second chambers air tight.
11. A method of dampening closing movement of a door pivotally mounted in a door frame, comprising:
providing a pneumatic door closer comprising:
a guide track on the door frame;
first and second piston assemblies on the door;
a rod;
the first piston assembly having a first piston;
the second piston assembly having a second piston with first and second gas chambers on opposite sides of the second piston;
the first and second pistons moving in unison when the door opens and closes;
a first passage between the first and second gas chambers to allow gas flow from the second chamber to the first chamber when the door is opening; and
a second passage between the first and second gas chambers to allow gas flow from the first chamber to the second chamber, the second passage comprising an axial inlet, an axial outlet, a throttle passage, and a radial vent hole, wherein the throttle passage extends along a labyrinthine path on a radial surface of the second piston to connect the axial outlet and the radial vent hole;
connecting the rod to the guide track in the door frame and to the first piston assembly on the door;
when the door is closing, sealing the first passage and directing the gas to flow from the first chamber through the axial inlet, the axial outlet, the throttle passage, and the radial vent hole, in turn, and into the second chamber, so as to dampen door closing.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising sliding the piston by actuation of a cam on one end of the rod.