Method of forming a high strength low friction engineered material for bearings and other applications
A method of forming an engineered material, for example a material for use in a bearing, is provided. The method includes forming a template polymer microlattice by disposing a perforated mask over a reservoir of ultra-violet (UV) curable resin in liquid form, conveying beams of light through the perforated mask and into the reservoir along paths, and transforming the liquid UV curable resin along the paths into a plurality of interconnected solid polymer fibers. The method further includes applying a metal material to the template polymer microlattice to form a microlattice of the metal material, and removing the template polymer microlattice from the metal microlattice. The method next includes disposing a low friction material in interstices of the metal microlattice, and sintering the low friction material disposed in the interstices of the metal microlattice.
1. A method of forming an engineered material, comprising the steps of:
forming a template polymer microlattice by disposing a perforated mask over a reservoir of ultra-violet (UV) curable resin in liquid form, conveying beams of light through the perforated mask and into the reservoir along paths, and transforming the liquid UV curable resin along the paths into a plurality of interconnected solid polymer fibers;
the step of forming the template polymer microlattice being a continuous process and occurring at a rate greater than 1 mm 2 per minute;
applying a metal material to the template polymer microlattice to form a microlattice of the metal material, the metal microlattice presenting a plurality of interstices;
the step of applying the metal material to the template polymer microlattice including plating or electrodepositing the metal material onto the template polymer microlattice, and applying a greater amount of the metal material to one area of the template polymer microlattice relative to other areas of the template polymer microlattice;
the step of applying the metal material to the template polymer microlattice including forming a plurality of struts each surrounding one of the solid polymer fibers, the struts being interconnected to one another and presenting the plurality of interstices therebetween to form the metal microlattice;
removing the template polymer microlattice from the metal microlattice by heating the template polymer microlattice;
disposing a low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice, the low friction material having a coefficient of friction less than the coefficient of friction of the metal microlattice to form the engineered material; and
sintering the low friction material disposed in the interstices of the metal microlattice.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal microlattice is formed of nickel; the metal microlattice comprises a plurality of struts interconnected to one another and presenting the interstices; and each of the struts includes a hollow opening.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal microlattice is present in an amount of approximately 15 volume % and the interstices are present in an amount of approximately 85 volume %, based on the total volume of the metal microlattice and the interstices; and each of the struts is disposed at an angle of 50° to 90° relative to horizontal, has a diameter of about 50 micrometers, and a wall thickness of about 15 micrometers surrounding the hollow opening.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low friction material includes at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide (PAI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polyoxymethylene (POM), tin, and bismuth.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the low friction material includes particles selected from the group consisting of ceramic, graphite molybdenum disulfide, copper, and silver.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of disposing the low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice includes at least one of rolling and infiltrating the low friction material in the interstices.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying the metal material includes applying a plurality of layers formed of different metals; and heating the layers to alloy the different metals together.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of disposing a low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice includes filling the interstices of the metal microlattice.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid polymer fibers of the template polymer microlattice each extend at an angle of 50° to 90° relative to horizontal;
the struts of the metal microlattice each have a diameter of about 50 micrometers, a wall thickness of about 15 micrometers, and extend at an angle of 50° to 90° relative to horizontal;
the metal microlattice is present in an amount of approximately 15 volume percent and the interstices are present in an amount of approximately 85 volume percent, based on the total volume of the metal microlattice and the interstices;
the step of disposing the low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice includes at least one of rolling and infiltrating the low friction material into the interstices;
the low friction material includes at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide (PAI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), and polyoxymethylene (POM);
the low friction material includes particles selected from the group consisting of ceramic, graphite molybdenum disulfide, copper, and silver; and
the step of disposing the low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice includes filling the interstices.
10. A method of forming a bearing, comprising the steps of:
forming a template polymer microlattice by disposing a perforated mask over a reservoir of ultra-violet (UV) curable resin in liquid form, conveying beams of light through the perforated mask and into the reservoir along paths, and transforming the liquid UV curable resin along the paths into a plurality of interconnected solid polymer fibers;
the step of forming the template polymer microlattice being a continuous process and occurring at a rate greater than 1 mm 2 per minute;
applying a metal material to the template polymer microlattice to form a microlattice of the metal material, the metal microlattice presenting a plurality of interstices;
the step of applying the metal material to the template polymer microlattice including plating or electrodepositing the metal material onto the template polymer microlattice, and applying a greater amount of the metal material to one area of the template polymer microlattice relative to other areas of the template polymer microlattice,
the step of applying the metal material to the template polymer microlattice including forming a plurality of struts each surrounding one of the solid polymer fibers, the struts being interconnected to one another and presenting the plurality of interstices therebetween to form the metal microlattice;
removing the template polymer microlattice from the metal microlattice by heating the template polymer microlattice;
disposing a low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice, the low friction material having a coefficient of friction less than the coefficient of friction of the metal microlattice to form the engineered material; and
sintering the low friction material disposed in the interstices of the metal microlattice.
11. The method of claim 10 including attaching a backing to the engineered material.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of disposing the low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice includes at least one of rolling and infiltrating the low friction material in the interstices.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of applying the metal material includes applying a plurality of layers formed of different metals; and heating the layers to alloy the different metals together.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of disposing a low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice includes filling the interstices of the metal microlattice.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the metal microlattice is formed of nickel; the metal microlattice comprises a plurality of struts interconnected to one another and presenting the interstices; and each of the struts includes a hollow opening.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the low friction material includes at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide (PAI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polyoxymethylene (POM), tin, and bismuth; and the low friction material includes particles selected from the group consisting of ceramic, graphite molybdenum disulfide, copper, and silver.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solid polymer fibers of the template polymer microlattice each extend at an angle of 50° to 90° relative to horizontal;
the struts of the metal microlattice each have a diameter of about 50 micrometers, a wall thickness of about 15 micrometers, and extend at an angle of 50° to 90° relative to horizontal;
the metal microlattice is present in an amount of approximately 15 volume percent and the interstices are present in an amount of approximately 85 volume percent, based on the total volume of the metal microlattice and the interstices;
the step of disposing the low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice includes at least one of rolling and infiltrating the low friction material into the interstices;
the low friction material includes at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide (PAI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), and polyoxymethylene (POM);
the low friction material includes particles selected from the group consisting of ceramic, graphite molybdenum disulfide, copper, and silver; and
the step of disposing the low friction material in the interstices of the metal microlattice includes filling the interstices.