Articles comprising self-assembled layers comprising nanoparticles with a phosphorous surface treatment
An article is described comprising a substrate and a plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly disposed on the substrate. A portion of the layers comprise inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising a phosphorous-containing surface treatment. Also described is an article comprising a bi-layer, the bi-layer comprises a monolayer of a polycation and a monolayer of a polyanion. The polyanion comprises inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising a phosphorous-containing surface treatment. The polycations may be a polyelectrolyte or inorganic oxide nanoparticles.
1. An article comprising
a substrate;
a plurality of layers deposited by layer-by-layer self-assembly disposed on the substrate, where a portion of the layers comprise a polycation and a polyanion and the polyanion comprises inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising a phosphorous-containing surface treatment.
2. The article of claim 1 wherein the inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising the phosphorous-containing surface treatment comprise at least two negatively charged groups.
3. The article of claim 1 wherein the plurality of layers have a refractive index of at least 1.60.
4. The article of claim 3 wherein the inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprise titania, zirconia, alumina, antimony oxide, ceria, zinc oxide, lanthanum oxide, tantalum oxide, mixed metal oxides thereof, and mixtures thereof.
5. The article of claim 4 wherein the inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprise zirconia.
6. The article of claim 1 wherein the phosphorous-containing surface treatment is a phosphorous-containing acid or salt thereof.
7. The article of claim 1 wherein the phosphorous-containing surface treatment is an organophosphorous acid or salt thereof.
8. The article of claim 1 wherein the phosphorous-containing surface treatment comprises at least two negatively charged groups.
9. The article of claim 8 wherein at least one of the negatively charged groups is a negatively charged phosphorous-containing group.
10. The article of claim 1 wherein the phosphorous-containing surface treatment is an acid having the general structure
wherein L is oxygen or an alkylene group optionally substituted with OH groups; or L-R2 is H or
OH, or C 1 -C 12 ;
R1 is OH; and
R2 is PO 3 H 2 , SO 3 H, COOH; or
a salt thereof.
11. The article of claim 1 wherein the layers comprising the inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising the phosphorous-containing surface treatment are alternated with layers comprising a polycation forming a bi-layer.
12. The article of claim 11 wherein the polycation is a polyelectrolyte that is not a phosphorous-containing material.
13. The article of claim 11 wherein the polycation comprises inorganic nanoparticles lacking the phosphorous-containing surface treatment.
14. The article of claim 10 wherein the bi-layer has a refractive index of at least 1.40.
15. The article of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a light transmissive inorganic or organic polymeric material.
16. The article of claim 1 wherein the substrate is an optical film, architectural film, greenhouse film, window film, protection film, fenestration product, solar light tube film, traffic signage film, commercial graphics film, a solar photovoltaic front-sheet film, a solar power concentrating mirror, or light transmissive cover of a light bulb.
17. An article comprising a bi-layer comprising a monolayer of a polycation and a monolayer of a polyanion, wherein the polyanion comprises inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprising a phosphorous-containing surface treatment.