Tufted structure for landscape and sports
The present invention seeks to provide a tufted structure such as an artificial turf, that imitates more closely the root zone, the volume effect, and density of natural grass and that has an improved wear and drainage property. An artificial turf adapted for use in landscape and sports applications comprises a bounded layer of fibers formed as a non-woven matting made of one or more natural and/or synthetic fibers. A plurality of tufts of pile yarn is inserted through the bounded layer of fibers. A backing is applied at the backside of the bounded layer of fibers enhancing anchoring the tufts to the bounded layer of fibers.
1. A tufted structure for use in landscape and sports applications, comprising:
a bounded layer of fibers made of one or more natural and/or synthetic fibers, and
pile yarn inserted through the bounded layer of fibers, the pile yarn being anchored to the bounded layer of fibers,
wherein the bounded layer of fibers has a density that decreases from a bottom to a top of the bounded layer of fibers, and
wherein the bounded layer of fibers includes a lower layer and an upper layer, the lower layer being positioned at the bottom of the bounded layer of fibers and the upper layer being positioned on top of the lower layer, and the upper layer having a higher fiber coarseness than the lower layer.
2. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein fill yarn extending from the upper surface of the bounded layer of fibers is created through velour needle-punching, the fill yarn giving the upper surface of the bounded layer of fibers a velour structure of fibers standing out above the upper surface, thereby providing structural support for the pile yarn by assisting the pile yarn to stand, imitating a root zone of natural grass, and providing cushioning.
3. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein the lower layer is a structural layer that is utilized for anchoring the pile yarn and that provides dimensional stability.
4. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein the upper layer is a volume simulating layer that acts as a shock-absorbing layer.
5. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein the lower layer is formed by fibers that are more flexible and form a denser structure than fibers forming the upper layer, the fibers of the lower layer having a smaller linear mass density than the fibers forming the upper layer.
6. The tufted structure according to claim 5 , wherein the fibers of the lower layer have a linear mass density in the range of about 3.3 dtex to about 110 dtex.
7. The tufted structure according to claim 5 , wherein the fibers of the upper layer have a linear mass density in the range of about 11 dtex to about 600 dtex.
8. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein the bounded layer of fibers is formed by needle-punching.
9. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein the bounded layer of fibers consists of up to eight different types of fibers.
10. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein the bounded layer of fibers, the pile yarn, and a backing enhancing the anchoring the pile yarn to the bounded layer of fibers are made of eco-friendly materials that are 100% recyclable by being mechanically deconstructable.
11. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein the bounded layer of fibers, the pile yarn, and the backing are made of 100% polyolefin.
12. The tufted structure according to claim 1 , wherein the density of the bounded layer of fibers decreases gradually at a constant rate from the bottom to the top of the bounded layer of fibers.
13. A method for manufacturing a tufted structure for use in landscape and sports applications, comprising the steps of:
forming by needle-punching a bounded layer of fibers having a density that decreases from the bottom to the top of the bounded layer of fibers;
creating fill yarn extending from the upper surface of the bounded layer of fibers through velour needle-punching, thereby giving the upper surface of the bounded layer of fibers a velour-structure;
inserting pile yarn through the bounded layer of fibers; and
anchoring the pile yarn at the backside of the bounded layer of fibers;
wherein the bounded layer of fibers includes a lower layer and an upper layer, the lower layer being positioned at the bottom of the bounded layer of fibers and the upper layer being positioned on top of the lower layer, and the upper layer having a higher fiber coarseness than the lower layer.
14. A method for manufacturing a tufted structure for use in landscape and sports applications, comprising the steps of:
forming by needle-punching a lower layer from a plurality of natural and/or synthetic fibers;
forming by needle-punching an upper layer from a plurality of natural and/or synthetic fibers that have a higher linear mass density than the fibers of the lower layer, the upper layer having a less dense structure than the lower layer;
placing the upper layer on top of the lower layer to form a bounded layer of fibers;
creating fill yarn extending from the upper surface of the upper layer through velour needle-punching thereby giving the upper surface of the upper layer a velour-structure;
inserting pile yarn through the bounded layer of fibers; and
anchoring the pile yarn at the backside of the bounded layer of fibers.