Metal plating-based electrical energy storage cell
The present disclosure provides an electrochemical storage cell including a battery. The battery includes an alkali metal anode having an anode Fermi energy, an electronically insulating, amorphous, dried solid electrolyte able to conduct alkali metal, having the general formula A 3-x H x OX, in which 0≤x≤1, A is the alkali metal, and X is at least one halide, and a cathode including a cathode current collector having a cathode Fermi energy lower than the anode Fermi energy. During operation of the electrochemical storage cell, the alkali metal plates dendrite-free from the solid electrolyte onto the alkali metal anode. Also during operation of the electrochemical storage cell, the alkali metal further plates on the cathode current collector.
1. An electrochemical storage cell comprising a battery comprising:
an alkali metal anode having an anode Fermi energy;
an electronically insulating solid electrolyte able to conduct alkali metal, having an amorphous, dried material with the general formula A 3-x H x OX, wherein 0≤x≤1, A is the alkali metal, and X is at least one halide; and
a cathode comprising:
a cathode current collector having a cathode Fermi energy lower than the anode Fermi energy;
a catalytic redox-center-relay material comprising elemental sulfur (S); and
one of carbon (C), which aids alkali metal plating on the cathode current collector, a gold (Au) film on a cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte, and an oxide film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.
2. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal is lithium (Li).
3. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal is sodium (Na).
4. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises a glass-forming additive comprising at least one of an oxide, a hydroxide, and a sulfide.
5. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises a glass-forming additive comprising at least one of Ba(OH) 2 , Sr(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , Al(OH) 3 , BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, Al, B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , S, and Li 2 S.
6. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises less than 2 mole percent of a glass-forming additive.
7. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises the gold film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.
8. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 7 , wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.
9. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 7 , wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.
10. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises the oxide film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.
11. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 10 , wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.
12. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 10 , wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.
13. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises carbon, which aids alkali metal plating on the cathode current collector.
14. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 13 , wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.
15. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 13 , wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.
16. An electrochemical storage cell comprising a battery comprising:
an alkali metal anode having an anode Fermi energy;
an electronically insulating solid electrolyte able to conduct alkali metal, having an amorphous, dried material with the general formula A 3-x H x OX, wherein 0≤x≤1, A is the alkali metal, and X is at least one halide; and
a cathode comprising:
a cathode current collector having a cathode Fermi energy lower than the anode Fermi energy;
a catalytic redox-center-relay material comprising elemental silicon (Si); and
one of carbon (C), which aids alkali metal plating on the cathode current collector, a gold (Au) film on a cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte, and an oxide film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.
17. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16 , wherein the alkali metal is lithium (Li).
18. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16 , wherein the alkali metal is sodium (Na).
19. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16 , wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises a glass-forming additive comprising at least one of an oxide, a hydroxide, and a sulfide.
20. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16 , wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises a glass-forming additive comprising at least one of Ba(OH) 2 , Sr(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , Al(OH) 3 , BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, Al, B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , S, and Li 2 S.
21. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16 , wherein the solid electrolyte further comprises less than 2 mole percent of a glass-forming additive.
22. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16 , wherein the cathode comprises carbon, which aids alkali metal plating on the cathode current collector.
23. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 22 , wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.
24. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 22 , wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.
25. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16 , wherein the cathode comprises the gold film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.
26. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 25 , wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.
27. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 25 , wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.
28. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 16 , wherein the cathode comprises the oxide film on the cathode current collector surface adjacent the solid electrolyte.
29. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 28 , wherein the cathode current collector, outside of the context of the battery, is normally not wet by the alkali metal.
30. The electrochemical storage cell of claim 28 , wherein the cathode current collector comprises a copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), or gold (Au) metal, or an alloy thereof.