Wafer-based charged particle accelerator, wafer components, methods, and applications
A wafer-based charged particle accelerator includes a charged particle source and at least one RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly and a power supply coupled to the at least one RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly. The wafer-based charged particle accelerator may further include a beam current-sensor. The wafer-based charged particle accelerator may further include at least a second RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly and at least one ESQ charged particle focusing wafer. Fabrication methods are disclosed for RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assemblies, ESQ charged particle focusing wafers, and the wafer-based charged particle accelerator.
1. A wafer-based charged particle accelerator, comprising:
a charged particle source;
at least one RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly comprising:
a wafer having electrical isolation between at least a first and a second electrically conductive electrode,
wherein at least the first and the second electrode are disposed on respective and opposing first and second sides of the wafer, and create an electric field,
further wherein the wafer has one or more orifices through which a charged particle beam can travel, encountering the electric field generated by the at least first and second electrode,
further wherein the second electrode is in the form of an RF resonator configured as either
a) a thin film inductor in series with an air gap capacitor, or
b) a coplanar waveguide resonator,
so as to transform a low voltage on the substrate to a high voltage on the second side of the substrate; and
RF voltage-generating electronics disposed on the substrate; and
a power supply operatively coupled to the at least one RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly.
2. The wafer-based charged particle accelerator of claim 1 , further comprising a beam current-sensor disposed in either
a) a single RF wafer, or
b) a separate wafer disposed in the drift space.
3. The wafer-based charged particle accelerator of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least a second RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly; and
at least one ESQ charged particle focusing wafer.
4. The wafer-based charged particle accelerator of claim 3 , wherein the at least one ESQ charged particle focusing wafer comprises an electrically insulative wafer or planar substrate having at least one through-hole, each through-hole providing a beam path to focus the charged particle beam, each through-hole having at least four electrodes disposed at the inner perimeter of the through-hole, where each electrode further comprises one of
a) exposed areas of the wafer covered by a conductive material in selected areas to form an electric field distribution to focus the charged particle beam, and
b) conductive pillar-like structures coupled to insulating connectors, connected to the wafer,
linearly aligned with the RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assemblies.
5. The wafer-based charged particle accelerator of claim 4 , wherein the conductive pillar-like structures are each one of a solid rod or a hollow cylinder.