Parkinsons disease model and methods
This application provides a novel mouse model (PLA2g6 KO Ex2 ) in which genetic deletion of the N terminus of PLA2g6 results in a loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantia nigra (SN), and development of PD-like motor deficits that can be significantly improved by L-DOPA. Based in part on experimental results demonstrated with this model, this disclosure provides genetically modified animals and genetically modified animal cells that comprise a mutant allele of PLA2g6 and in which store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) is impaired and ER Ca 2+ stores are depleted. This disclosure also provides methods of screening a compound for an effect on the SOCE pathway and/or ER Ca 2+ by administering the compound to such a genetically modified animal or genetically modified animal cell. This disclosure also provides methods of treating or preventing PD-related deficit(s) in an animal by characterizing a compound as a SOCE activator using the screening methods and then administering an effective amount of the compound to an animal. This disclosure also provides methods of restoring normal store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) pathway and ER Ca 2+ in a cell, comprising introducing a caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein into the cell. This disclosure also provides methods of treating or preventing a PD-related deficit(s) in an animal, comprising administering a caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein to the animal.
1. A method of maintaining or restoring normal store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) function and ER Ca 2+ stores in a mammalian cell, comprising expressing a sufficient amount of a functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein in the cell to thereby maintain or restore normal store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) function and ER Ca 2+ stores in the mammalian cell;
wherein the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein has an amino acid sequence at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and
wherein the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein comprises a deletion or substitution of the aspartic acid residue at the amino acid position corresponding to amino acid position D183 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amino acid sequence of the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein is 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 except for a deletion or substitution of the aspartic acid residue at the amino acid position corresponding to amino acid position D183 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian cell is a human cell.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian cell is a mouse cell.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein is expressed in the mammalian cell by introduction of a nucleic acid encoding the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein into the cell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian cell is cultured in vitro.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the mammalian cell is a neuron.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian cell is an in vivo cell.
9. A method of treating or preventing Parkinson's disease (PD)-related deficit(s) in a mammal, comprising expressing a sufficient amount of a functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein in neurons of the mammal to thereby treat or prevent Parkinson's disease (PD)-related deficit(s) in the mammal;
wherein the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein has an amino acid sequence at least 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; and
wherein the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein comprises a deletion or substitution of the aspartic acid residue at the amino acid position corresponding to amino acid position D183 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the amino acid sequence of the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein is 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 except for a deletion or substitution of the aspartic acid residue at the amino acid position corresponding to amino acid position D183 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mammal is a human.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mammal is a mouse.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein is expressed in the neurons by introduction of a nucleic acid encoding the functional caspase-3 cleavage-resistant PLA2g6 protein into the neurons.