Extended duration autonomous craft
Autonomous craft capable of extended duration operations as lighter-than-air craft, having the ability to alight on the surface of a body of water and generate hydrogen gas for lift via electrolysis using power derived from a photovoltaic system, as well as methods of launching an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) having a deployable envelope from a surface of a body of water.
1. An autonomous craft, comprising:
a hull structure configurable to support the craft on a surface of a body of water;
an inflatable envelope coupled to the hull structure, the envelope capable of containing an amount of hydrogen gas sufficient to render the autonomous craft lighter-than-air;
a storage battery electrically coupled to an electrical network that is configured to store electricity from the network and discharge electricity into the network;
a photovoltaic system that is coupled to the electrical network, the photovoltaic system including one or more photovoltaic panels and configured to generate electricity from light on the photovoltaic panels;
an electrolysis apparatus coupled to and powered by the electrical network, configured to electrolyze ambient water to generate hydrogen gas when the craft is near to or supported on the surface of the body of water;
a hydrogen gas handling system, including a storage tank, where the gas handling system is configured to compress and store hydrogen gas generated by the electrolysis apparatus in the storage tank; to release compressed hydrogen gas from the storage tank into the inflatable envelope; and to compress and store hydrogen withdrawn from the inflatable envelope in the storage tank; and
a processing system configured to control the electrical network, the photovoltaic system, the storage battery, and the electrolysis apparatus; wherein the processing system is configured to control a buoyancy of the autonomous craft by varying an amount of hydrogen contained within the envelope.
2. The autonomous craft of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is configured to increase the buoyancy of the autonomous craft by increasing the amount of hydrogen gas contained within the envelope, and to decrease the buoyancy of the autonomous craft by withdrawing hydrogen gas from the envelope.
3. The autonomous craft of claim 2 , wherein the autonomous craft is further configured to autonomously leave the surface of the body of water as a lighter-than-air craft and subsequently return to and be supported by the same or different body of water as a surface craft.
4. The autonomous craft of claim 3 , wherein the autonomous craft is further configured to operate as a submersible craft.
5. The autonomous craft of claim 4 , further comprising a ballast system that includes a ballast compartment and a water pumping apparatus that is configured to fill the ballast compartment with ambient water to decrease the buoyancy of the craft, and to remove ambient water from the ballast compartment to increase the buoyancy of the craft; wherein the processing system is additionally configured to control the buoyancy of the craft by varying an amount of water contained in the ballast compartments.
6. The autonomous craft of claim 4 , further comprising a propulsion system that is configured to propel the craft while the craft is on the surface of the body of water, while the craft is operating as a lighter-than-air craft, or while the craft is submerged, or a combination thereof.
7. The autonomous craft of claim 6 , wherein the propulsion system includes one or more propellers.
8. The autonomous craft of claim 6 , wherein the propulsion system is coupled to and powered by the electrical network.
9. The autonomous craft of claim 6 , further comprising a navigation system coupled to the electrical network, wherein both the propulsion system and the navigation system are coupled to and controlled by the processing system, so that the autonomous craft is capable of autonomous navigation and movement.
10. The autonomous craft of claim 9 , wherein the autonomous craft is capable of autonomous navigation and movement when submerged, when afloat, and when aloft.
11. An autonomous craft comprising:
a vessel configured to alternately float upon a water surface and to float aloft as a lighter-than-air craft using a hydrogen gas supply for buoyancy; the vessel including a photovoltaic array for providing power and an electrolysis apparatus for electrolyzing water while floating on the water surface to replenish the hydrogen gas supply.
12. The autonomous craft of claim 11 , including a reversibly deployable envelope that increases the buoyancy of the craft with the addition of hydrogen gas in order to float aloft.
13. The autonomous craft of claim 11 , wherein the vessel is further configured to submerge beneath the water surface.
14. The autonomous craft of claim 13 , including a ballast compartment that reduces the buoyancy of the craft when filled with water in order to submerge beneath the water surface.
15. The autonomous craft of claim 11 , further including a propulsion system capable of moving the autonomous craft while aloft, while on the water surface, or while submerged, or any combination thereof.
16. A method of launching an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) having a deployable envelope from a surface of a body of water, comprising:
electrolyzing by the UAV water from the body of water to generate hydrogen gas;
adding the hydrogen gas to the deployable envelope to increase the buoyancy of the UAV; and
lifting the UAV from the surface of the body of water.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising storing at least some of the generated hydrogen gas aboard the UAV.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
exposing a photovoltaic array of the UAV to incident sunlight to generate electricity; and
storing the generated electricity in a battery aboard the UAV.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the photovoltaic array is exposed to incident sunlight while the UAV is aloft.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
removing hydrogen gas from the envelope to reduce buoyancy;
descending to the surface of the body of water; and
alighting upon the surface of the body of water.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising stowing the envelope after the UAV alights upon the surface of the body of water.
22. The method of claim 16 , where the UAV is initially submerged beneath the surface of the body of water, further comprising increasing the buoyancy of the UAV by removing water from a ballast compartment; and rising to the surface of the body of water before electrolyzing water to generate hydrogen gas.
23. The method of claim 16 , further comprising propelling the UAV to a preselected destination using a navigation system and a propulsion system of the UAV.