Cutting tool having an indexable cutting insert retained by a moment force about a pivot axis
A cutting tool has a holder and an indexable cutting insert secured therein. The holder has a head and a shank extending therefrom along a holder axis, the head having spaced apart lower and upper clamping portions located on opposite sides of a first plane containing the holder axis. The lower clamping portion has spaced apart first and second lower clamping surfaces located on opposite sides of a second plane perpendicular to the first plane, and the upper clamping portion has an upper clamping surface intersected by the second plane. The cutting insert has a peripheral surface with a plurality of circumferentially spaced cutting portions, and the second plane intersects the plurality of cutting portions. The upper clamping surface makes contact with a first abutment portion of the peripheral surface, and a second abutment portion of the peripheral surface makes contact with the first and second lower clamping surfaces.
1. A cutting tool ( 20 ) comprising an insert holder ( 22 ) and an indexable cutting insert ( 24 ) removably secured therein,
the insert holder ( 22 ) comprising:
a holder head ( 26 ) and a holder shank ( 28 ) extending rearwardly therefrom along a holder axis (A 1 ),
the holder head ( 26 ) having spaced apart lower and upper clamping portions ( 30 , 32 ) located on opposite sides of a first plane (P 1 ) containing the holder axis (A 1 ),
the lower clamping portion ( 30 ) extending along a pivot axis (A 2 ) and having first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) located on opposite sides of a second plane (P 2 ) perpendicular to the first plane (P 1 ), the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) being separated by a recess;
the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) displaceable relative to the lower clamping portion ( 30 ) and having an upper clamping surface ( 38 ) which is intersected by the second plane (P 2 ), and
in cross-sections taken in fifth and sixth planes (P 5 , P 6 ) parallel to the second plane (P 2 ) and intersecting the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ), respectively, the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) are convex,
the cutting insert ( 24 ) comprising:
opposing first and second end surfaces ( 40 , 42 ) with a peripheral surface ( 44 ) extending therebetween and an insert axis (A 3 ) extending therethrough, the insert axis (A 3 ) being spaced apart from the pivot axis (A 2 ),
the peripheral surface ( 44 ) having a plurality of cutting portions ( 48 ) circumferentially spaced apart about the insert axis (A 3 ), one of the plurality of cutting portions ( 48 ) being an operative first cutting portion ( 48 ′) having an operative first cutting edge ( 50 ′) formed at the intersection of a first rake surface ( 52 ′) and a first relief surface ( 54 ′), the first rake surface ( 52 ′) facing in a first direction (d 1 ) about the insert axis (A 3 ),
wherein:
only a single indexable insert is retained between the lower and upper clamping portions ( 30 , 32 ),
the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) makes contact with a first abutment portion ( 56 ′) of the peripheral surface ( 44 ),
a second abutment portion ( 56 ″) of the peripheral surface ( 44 ) makes contact with the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ), and
the second plane (P 2 ) intersects the plurality of cutting portions ( 48 ).
2. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) are entirely located on opposite sides of a third plane (P 3 ) parallel to the second plane (P 2 ), and
the third plane (P 3 ) does not intersect the upper clamping surface ( 38 ).
3. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
in a lateral direction (dL) perpendicular to the second plane (P 2 ), the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) is entirely located between the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ).
4. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first and second abutment portions ( 56 ′, 56 ″) are circumferentially spaced apart about the insert axis (A 3 ) by at least two non-operative cutting portions ( 48 ).
5. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
two circumferentially adjacent non-operative cutting portions ( 48 ) are spaced apart by the second abutment portion ( 56 ″).
6. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the peripheral surface ( 44 ) has a plurality of abutment portions ( 56 ) circumferentially alternating with the plurality of cutting portions ( 48 ) about the insert axis (A 3 ), and
the plurality of abutment portions ( 56 ) include the first and second abutment portions ( 56 ′, 56 ″).
7. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first lower clamping surface ( 34 ) has front and rear first lower clamping zones ( 58 a , 58 b ) converging towards the first plane (P 1 ),
the second lower clamping surface ( 36 ) has front and rear second lower clamping zones ( 60 a , 60 b ) converging towards the first plane (P 1 ), and
the front and rear first lower clamping zones ( 58 a , 58 b ) and the front and rear second lower clamping zones ( 60 a , 60 b ) all contact the second abutment portion ( 56 ″).
8. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 7 , wherein:
the front first lower clamping zone ( 58 a ) and front second lower clamping zone ( 60 a ) each contain a corresponding segment of a first imaginary straight line (L 1 ),
the rear first lower clamping zone ( 58 b ) and rear second lower clamping zone ( 60 b ) each contain a corresponding segment of a second imaginary straight line (L 2 ),
the first and second imaginary straight lines (L 1 , L 2 ) are parallel to the pivot axis (A 2 ).
9. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 7 , wherein:
the second abutment portion ( 56 ″) has second leading and trailing abutment surfaces ( 62 a , 62 b ) diverging away from the insert axis (A 3 ),
the second trailing abutment surface ( 62 b ) makes contact with the front first and front second lower clamping zones ( 58 a , 60 a ), and
the second leading abutment surface ( 62 a ) makes contact with the rear first and rear second lower clamping zones ( 58 b , 60 b ).
10. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 9 , wherein:
the second leading and trailing abutment surfaces ( 62 a , 62 b ) are spaced apart by a curved second joining surface ( 62 c ), and
the second joining surface ( 62 c ) does not make contact with the lower clamping portion ( 30 ).
11. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 10 , wherein:
the second joining surface ( 62 c ) contains the radially innermost point of the second abutment portion ( 56 ″).
12. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the holder head ( 26 ) includes a stopper portion ( 64 ) having a stopper surface ( 66 ), and
the first abutment portion ( 56 ′) makes contact with the stopper surface ( 66 ).
13. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 12 , wherein:
in a lateral direction (dL) perpendicular to the second plane (P 2 ), the stopper surface ( 66 ) is entirely located between the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ).
14. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 12 , wherein:
the first abutment portion ( 56 ′) has first leading and trailing abutment surfaces ( 68 a , 68 b ) diverging away from the insert axis (A 3 ),
the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) makes contact with the first leading abutment surface ( 68 a ), and
the first trailing abutment surface ( 68 b ) makes contact with the stopper surface ( 66 ).
15. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 14 , wherein:
the first leading and trailing abutment surfaces ( 68 a , 68 b ) are spaced apart by a curved first joining surface ( 68 c ), and
the first joining surface ( 68 c ) does not make contact with the stopper portion ( 64 ) or the upper clamping portion ( 32 ).
16. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 15 , wherein:
the first joining surface ( 68 c ) contains the radially innermost point of the first abutment portion ( 56 ′).
17. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 14 , wherein:
the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) faces in a first direction (d 3 ) about the pivot axis (A 2 ), and
the stopper surface ( 66 ) faces in a second direction (d 4 ) about the pivot axis (A 2 ), the second direction (d 4 ) about the pivot axis (A 2 ) being rotational opposite the first direction (d 3 ) about the pivot axis (A 2 ).
18. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 17 , wherein:
a clamping force (F 1 ) applied to the first leading abutment surface ( 68 a ) by the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) is directed in the first direction (d 3 ) about the pivot axis (A 2 ).
19. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) is displaceable relative to the lower clamping portion ( 30 ) by means of a threaded fastening member ( 70 ).
20. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 19 , wherein:
the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) comprises a clamping head ( 72 ) and a clamping shaft ( 74 ) extending therefrom along a shaft axis (A 5 ),
the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) is disposed on the clamping head ( 72 ), and
the fastening member ( 70 ) engages a shaft recess ( 76 ) in the clamping shaft ( 74 ).
21. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) is slidably retained in the holder head ( 26 ).
22. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the cutting tool ( 20 ) is devoid of a clamping force being applied to the cutting insert ( 24 ) in a direction transverse to the second plane (P 2 ).
23. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
each cutting portion ( 48 ) has a cutting edge ( 50 ), and
in a cross-section taken in a fourth plane (P 4 ) coincident with or parallel to the second plane (P 2 ), the plurality of cutting edges ( 50 ) define a first imaginary circle (C 1 ) which circumscribes the peripheral surface ( 44 ).
24. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 23 , wherein:
the cutting insert ( 24 ) has a maximum width (W MAX ) in a direction parallel to the insert axis (A 3 ), and
the maximum width (W MAX ) is greater than a first radius (R 1 ) of the first imaginary circle (C 1 ).
25. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) are spaced apart from one another along the pivot axis (A 2 ) by a transitional surface ( 35 ) which is recessed relative to the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ).
26. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein:
the cutting insert ( 24 ) is indexable about the insert axis (A 3 );
the insert axis (A 3 ) is parallel to the pivot axis (A 2 );
the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) are spaced apart from one another along the pivot axis (A 2 ); and
the second plane (P 2 ) and the first plane (P 1 ) both contain the holder axis (A 1 ).
27. An insert holder ( 22 ) having holder axis (A 1 ) establishing a forward-to-rearward direction (D F , D R ), and comprising:
a holder shank ( 22 ) extending along the holder axis (A 1 ); and
a holder head ( 26 ) formed at a forward end of the holder shank ( 26 ), the holder head comprising:
spaced apart lower and upper clamping portions ( 30 , 32 ) located on opposite sides of a horizontal first plane (P 1 ) containing the holder axis (A 1 ), the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) being displaceable relative to the lower clamping portion ( 30 );
a pivot axis (A 2 ) extending through the lower clamping portion ( 30 ) in a direction parallel to the horizontal first plane (P 1 );
first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) formed on the lower clamping portion ( 30 ) and spaced apart from one another along the pivot axis (A 2 ) by a transitional surface ( 35 ) which is recessed relative to the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 );
a vertical second plane (P 2 ) extending along the holder axis (H 1 ), perpendicular to the horizontal first plane (P 1 ) and located between the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 );
an upper clamping surface ( 38 ) provided on the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) and facing a first direction, the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) intersected by the vertical second plane (P 2 ) and entirely located between the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) in a lateral direction (dL) perpendicular to the second plane (P 2 ); and
a stopper portion ( 64 ) formed on the holder head ( 26 ), the stopper portion ( 64 ) having a stopper surface ( 66 ) facing a second direction different from the first direction faced by the upper clamping surface ( 38 ), wherein:
in cross-sections taken in fifth and sixth planes (P 5 , P 6 ) parallel to the second plane (P 2 ) and intersecting the spaced apart first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ), respectively, the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) are convex.
28. The insert holder ( 22 ) according to claim 27 , further comprising:
a fastening member hole ( 70 a ) formed in an upper surface ( 26 a ) of the holder head ( 26 );
a clamping portion hole ( 32 a ) formed in a forward facing surface ( 26 b ) of the holder head ( 26 ), the clamping portion hole ( 32 a ) intersecting the fastening member hole ( 70 a ), wherein:
the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) is received into the clamping portion hole ( 32 a ); and
a fastening member ( 70 ) is received into the clamping member hole ( 70 a ) and engages the upper clamping portion ( 32 ).
29. The insert holder ( 22 ) according to claim 28 , wherein:
the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) comprises a clamping head ( 72 ) and a clamping shaft ( 74 ) extending therefrom along a shaft axis (A 5 );
the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) is disposed on the clamping head ( 72 ); and
the fastening member ( 70 ) engages a shaft recess ( 76 ) in the clamping shaft ( 74 ).
30. A cutting tool ( 20 ) comprising:
the insert holder ( 22 ) according to claim 27 , and
a single cutting insert ( 24 ) retained between the spaced apart lower and upper clamping portions ( 30 , 32 ).
31. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 28 , wherein:
the cutting insert ( 24 ) comprises opposing first and second end surfaces ( 40 , 42 ) arranged along an insert axis (A 3 ), a peripheral surface ( 44 ) extending between the first and second end surfaces ( 40 , 42 ), and a plurality of cutting portions ( 48 ) circumferentially spaced apart about the peripheral surface ( 44 ), each cutting portion ( 48 ) having a cutting edge ( 50 ) extending along the insert axis (A 3 );
the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) abuts a first leading abutment surface ( 68 a ) formed on a first abutment portion ( 56 ′) of the peripheral surface ( 44 );
the stopper surface ( 66 ) abuts first trailing abutment surface ( 68 b ) formed on the first abutment portion ( 56 ′) of the peripheral surface ( 44 ); and
the spaced apart first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) abut a second abutment portion ( 56 ″) of the peripheral surface ( 44 ).
32. The insert holder ( 22 ) according to claim 27 , wherein:
the pivot axis (A 2 ) is perpendicular to the holder axis (A 1 ); and
the vertical second plane (P 2 ) contains the holder axis (A 1 ) and is perpendicular to the pivot axis (A 2 ).
33. A cutting tool ( 20 ) comprising an insert holder ( 22 ) and an indexable cutting insert ( 24 ) removably secured therein,
the insert holder ( 22 ) comprising:
a holder head ( 26 ) and a holder shank ( 28 ) extending rearwardly therefrom along a holder axis (A 1 ),
the holder head ( 26 ) having spaced apart lower and upper clamping portions ( 30 , 32 ) located on opposite sides of a first plane (P 1 ) containing the holder axis (A 1 ), and further having a stopper portion ( 64 ),
the lower clamping portion ( 30 ) extending along a pivot axis (A 2 ) and having spaced apart first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) located on opposite sides of a second plane (P 2 ) perpendicular to the first plane (P 1 ),
the upper clamping portion ( 32 ) being displaceable relative to the lower clamping portion ( 30 ) and having an upper clamping surface ( 38 ) which is intersected by the second plane (P 2 ),
the stopper portion ( 64 ) being non-displaceable relative to the lower clamping portion ( 30 ) and having a stopper surface ( 66 );
the cutting insert ( 24 ) comprising:
opposing first and second end surfaces ( 40 , 42 ) with a peripheral surface ( 44 ) extending therebetween and an insert axis (A 3 ) extending therethrough,
the peripheral surface ( 44 ) having a plurality of cutting portions ( 48 ) circumferentially spaced apart about the insert axis (A 3 ), one of the plurality of cutting portions ( 48 ) being an operative first cutting portion ( 48 ′) having an operative first cutting edge ( 50 ′) formed at the intersection of a first rake surface ( 52 ′) and a first relief surface ( 54 ′), the first rake surface ( 52 ′) facing in a first direction (d 1 ) about the insert axis (A 3 ),
wherein:
the upper clamping surface ( 38 ) makes contact with a first leading abutment surface ( 68 a ) which is formed on a first abutment portion ( 56 ′) of the peripheral surface ( 44 ), the first leading abutment surface ( 68 a ) facing in said first direction (d 1 ) about the insert axis (A 3 ),
the stopper surface ( 66 ) makes contact with a first trailing abutment surface ( 68 b ) which also is formed on the first abutment portion ( 56 ′) of the peripheral surface ( 44 ), the first trailing abutment surface ( 68 b ) facing in a second direction (d 2 ) about the insert axis (A 3 ) rotationally opposite to said first direction (d 1 ),
a second abutment portion ( 56 ″) of the peripheral surface ( 44 ) makes contact with the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ),
the second plane (P 2 ) intersects the plurality of cutting portions ( 48 ),
each cutting portion ( 48 ) has a cutting edge ( 50 ),
in a cross-section taken in a fourth plane (P 4 ) coincident with or parallel to the second plane (P 2 ), the plurality of cutting edges ( 50 ) define a first imaginary circle (C 1 ) which circumscribes the peripheral surface ( 44 ),
the cutting insert ( 24 ) has a maximum width (W MAX ) in a direction parallel to the insert axis (A 3 ), and
the maximum width (W MAX ) is greater than a first radius (R 1 ) of the first imaginary circle (C 1 ).
34. The cutting tool ( 20 ) according to claim 33 , wherein:
the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ) are spaced apart from one another along the pivot axis (A 2 ) by a transitional surface ( 35 ) which is recessed relative to the first and second lower clamping surfaces ( 34 , 36 ).