White inks
The present disclosure provides a white ink including an aqueous ink vehicle, from 5 wt % to 50 wt % of a white metal oxide pigment having an average particulate size from 100 nm to 2,000 nm, from 0.1 wt % to 4 wt % of anionic oxide particulates having an average particulate size from 1 nm to 100 nm, from 2 wt % to 30 wt % of latex particulates having a glass transition temperature from 0 C. to 130 C., and a non-ionic or predominantly non-ionic dispersant having an acid number not higher than 100 mg KOH/g based on dry polymer weight. The white metal oxide pigment and anionic oxide particulates are present in the white ink at a weight ratio from 5:1 to 200:1.
1. A white ink, comprising:
an aqueous ink vehicle;
from 5 wt % to 50 wt % of a white metal oxide pigment having an average particulate size from 100 nm to 2,000 nm;
from 0.1 wt % to 4 wt % of anionic oxide particulates having an average particulate size from 1 nm to 12 nm;
from 2 wt % to 30 wt % of latex particulates having a glass transition temperature from 0° C. to 130° C.; and
a non-ionic or predominantly non-ionic dispersant having an acid number not higher than 100mg KOH/g based on dry polymer weight,
wherein the white metal oxide pigment and anionic oxide particulates are present in the white ink at weight ratio from 5:1 to 200:1.
2. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the white metal oxide pigment includes titanium dioxide particulates, zinc oxide particulates, zirconium oxide particulates, or combinations thereof.
3. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the white metal oxide pigment has an average particulate size from 150 nm to 500 nm.
4. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the anionic oxide particulates include an anionically-stabilized colloidal silica dispersion, an anionically-stabilized fumed silica dispersion, a precipitated silica dispersion, a fumed silica dispersion, or an anionically charged alumina-silicate particle dispersion.
5. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the white metal oxide pigment and latex particulates are present in the white ink at a weight ratio from 6:1 to 1:3.
6. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the latex particulates include polymerized monomers of vinyl monomers, vinyl ester monomers, acrylate monomers, acrylic and methacrylic acid monomers, methacrylate monomers, styrene monomers, ethylene, maleate esters, fumarate esters, itaconate esters, or mixtures thereof.
7. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the latex particulates have a glass transition temperature from 40° C. to 130° C.
8. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionic or predominantly non-ionic dispersant is a hydrophilic alkoxysilane dispersing agent, a water-hydrolysable silane coupling agent with oligomer length range polyether chains, or a low-to-midrange branched co-polymer of comb-type structure with polyether pendant chains and acidic anchor groups attached to its backbone.
9. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the white ink is a thermal inkjet ink.
10. A method of making a white ink, comprising:
milling a white metal oxide pigment in a water-based carrier with a non-ionic or predominantly non-ionic dispersing agent to form a white metal oxide pigment dispersion, wherein the non-ionic or predominantly non-ionic dispersant is defined by having an acid number not higher than 100mg KOH/g based on dry polymer weight; and
admixing water, organic co-solvent, anionic oxide particulates, and latex particulates with the white metal oxide pigment dispersion to form a white ink having a white metal oxide pigment to anionic oxide particulates weight ratio from 5:1 to 200:1, wherein the anionic oxide particulates have an average particulate size from 1 nm to 12 nm.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the white ink comprises:
from 5 wt % to 50 wt % of the white metal oxide pigment having an average particulate size from 100 nm to 2,000 nm;
from 0.1 wt % to 4 wt % of the anionic oxide particulates having an average particulate size from 1 nm to 12 nm; and
from 2 wt % to 30 wt % of the latex particulates having a glass transition temperature from 0° C. to 130° C.
12. A white thermal inkjet ink, comprising:
an aqueous inkjet ink vehicle;
from 10 wt % to 35 wt % of a TiO 2 pigment having an average particulate size from 150 nm to 500 nm, wherein the TiO 2 pigment is dispersed with a non-ionic or predominantly non-ionic dispersant having an acid number not higher than 30 mg KOH/g based on dry polymer weight; and
from 0.1 wt % to 4 wt % of anionic oxide particulates having an average particulate size from 1 nm to 12 nm, wherein the white metal oxide pigment and anionic oxide particulates are present in the white thermal inkjet ink at weight ratio from 5:1 to 200:1.
13. The white thermal inkjet ink of claim 12 , further comprising from 2 wt % to 30 wt % of latex particulates having a glass transition temperature from 0° C. to 130° C.
14. The white thermal inkjet ink of claim 12 , wherein the anionic oxide particulates include anionically-stabilized colloidal silica dispersion, anionically-stabilized fumed silica dispersion, precipitated silica dispersion, fumed silica dispersion, or anionically charged alumina-silicate particle dispersion.
15. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the white metal oxide pigment is present in an amount great than 30 wt % and up to 50 wt %.
16. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the latex particulates have a refractive index from about 1.3 to about 1.6.
17. The white ink of claim 16 , wherein the white metal oxide pigment has a refractive index from about 0.2 to about 1.5 higher than the refractive index of the latex particulates.
18. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the white metal oxide pigment has an average particle size from 500 nm to 2,000 nm.
19. The white ink of claim 1 , wherein the white metal oxide pigment has an average particle size from 100 nm to 150 nm.