Lubricant additives, lubricant compositions, and applications of same
A lubricant composition includes a base lubricant and a plurality of lubricant additive molecules. Each lubricant additive molecule includes a surface active group attractable to a target surface, and a carbon containing component connected to the surface active group, for providing a carbon source to form a carbon film on the target surface. A method for in situ forming of a carbon film using the lubricant composition, includes adding the lubricant composition into a target machine such that the lubricant composition is in contact with a target surface of the target machine, and operating the target machine to cause a temperature and a pressure at the target surface so that the carbon containing component is unraveled thereon to form a carbon film on the target surface during the operation.
1. A method for in situ forming a carbon film on a target surface of a target machine, comprising:
adding a lubricant composition into the target machine, wherein the lubricant composition is in contact with the target surface of the target machine, and comprises a plurality of lubricant additive molecules, and each lubricant additive molecule comprising a surface active group and a carbon containing component connected to the surface active group, wherein the surface active group comprises a carboxyl group, a siloxyl group, an amine group, or a mixture thereof, the carbon containing component comprises a carbon ring; and
operating the target machine to cause a temperature and a pressure at the target surface so that the carbon containing component is unraveled thereon to form a carbon film on the target surface during the operation,
wherein the lubricant composition comprises cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, cyclobutanecarboxylic acid, cyclopropylacetic acid, cyclopropanol, or a mixture thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of lubricant additive molecules binds to the target surface via polar (electrostatic) or chemical interactions through the surface active group of each lubricant additive molecule.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface active group of each lubricant additive molecule has positive charges, and the target surface has negative charges, and vice versa, such that the surface active group is attractable to the target surface.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon containing component of each lubricant additive molecule further comprises a straight carbon chain, a branched carbon chain, or a mixture thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is in a range of 25° C.-500° C., and the pressure is in a range of 0.4-2 Gpa.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon film comprises a plurality of graphitic sheets, amorphous and diamond-like carbon, hydrocarbon, or a mixture thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein percentages of the graphitic sheets and the amorphous and diamond-like carbon in the carbon film depends on the temperature and the pressure at the target surface.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the carbon film comprises substantially the graphitic sheet.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon film is formed in a period of time in a range of from less than one second to one day.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target machine is an engine.