Enhanced structural supercapacitors
The present disclosure is directed to structural supercapacitors and electrodes for structural supercapacitors having high energy storage and high mechanical characteristics and methods of making the structural supercapacitors and electrodes. The structural supercapacitors can include a solid electrolyte and carbon fiber electrodes comprising carbon nanotubes, surface functionalized redox-active moieties, and/or a conducting polymer.
1. A method of making an electrode for a structural supercapacitor comprising:
depositing carbon nanotubes on a carbon fiber sheet;
functionalizing a surface of the carbon fiber sheet with a redox-active species; and
depositing a conducting polymer on the carbon fiber sheet.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are deposited on the carbon fiber sheet before performing the surface functionalization with the redox-active species.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the conducting polymer is deposited on the carbon fiber sheet after the surface functionalization with the redox-active species is performed.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are deposited on the carbon fiber sheet by chemical vapor deposition, aqueous deposition, or non-aqueous deposition.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface functionalization with a redox-active species is performed electrochemically, chemically, or by vapor deposition.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing a conducting polymer on the carbon fiber sheet comprises:
depositing a liquid monomer on the carbon fiber sheet; and
polymerizing the liquid monomer to form the conducting polymer.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the monomer comprises aniline and the conducting polymer comprises polyaniline.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight of carbon nanotubes amounts to 10-25% of the weight of the carbon fiber sheet.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active species comprise aminobenzoic acid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight of the conducting polymer amounts to 15-35% of the weight of the carbon fiber sheet.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon fiber sheet is a woven carbon fiber sheet.