Antenna system for unmanned aerial vehicle
An antenna system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) includes an antenna having a transmit-receive radiation pattern with a peak strength in a first direction of the antenna, a first strength reducing to a first predetermined strength below the peak strength at a first angle away from the first direction, a second strength reducing to a second predetermined strength lower than the first predetermined strength at a second angle greater than the first angle away from the first direction, and a third strength reducing to a third predetermined strength lower than the second predetermined strength at angles greater than the second angle away from the from the first direction. The antenna system further includes a self-leveling antenna mount to maintain the first direction in substantial alignment with a straight downward direction relative to the UAV despite a change in roll, pitch, or bank of the UAV.
1. An antenna system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the system comprising:
an antenna having a radiation pattern, the radiation pattern having:
a peak strength in a direction aligned with a downward vertical axis of the antenna;
a first strength reducing to a first predetermined strength below the peak strength at a first predetermined angle away from the downward vertical axis of the antenna;
a second strength reducing to a second predetermined strength below the peak strength at a second predetermined angle away from the downward vertical axis of the antenna, the second predetermined strength being further below the peak strength than the first predetermined strength and the second predetermined angle being greater than the first predetermined angle; and
a third strength reducing to a third predetermined strength below the peak strength at angles greater than the second predetermined angle away from the from the downward vertical axis of the antenna, the third predetermined strength being further below the peak strength than the second predetermined strength; and
a self-leveling antenna mount configured to mount the antenna to the UAV and maintain the downward vertical axis of the antenna in substantial alignment with a straight downward direction relative to the UAV despite a change in roll, pitch, or bank of the UAV.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first predetermined strength is between 5 and 10 decibels (dB) below the peak strength;
the first predetermined angle is between 75 and 85 degrees; and
the second predetermined angle is 90 degrees.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein a type of the antenna is selected from a group consisting of a dipole antenna, a patch antenna, and a beam antenna.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the self-leveling antenna mount includes one or more damping mechanisms.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more sensors for determining an orientation of the UAV relative to the straight downward direction;
one or more actuators coupled to the self-leveling antenna mount; and
a control system for altering, using the one or more actuators, an orientation of the antenna relative to the UAV based on the orientation of the downward vertical axis of the antenna relative to the straight downward direction.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein:
the one or more sensors are each selected from a group consisting of an inertial management unit, a magnetometer, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, an air bubble sensor, and an attitude sensor; and
the one or more actuators are each selected from a group consisting of a motor, a servo motor, and a piezoelectric motor.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the self-leveling antenna mount comprises an outer socket configured to be mounted to the UAV and an inner ball mounted to the antenna.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the self-leveling antenna mount further comprises one or more bearings or rollers between the outer socket and the inner ball.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the self-leveling antenna mount comprises a gimbal having at least two concentric rings configured to rotate relative to each other and relative to the UAV.