Apparatus and method for esophageal cooling
A balloon catheter is used in a closed-loop heat exchange system for manipulating the temperature of a patient. The balloon catheter is positioned in the stomach of the patient, and then expanded with a heat exchange fluid delivered through a lumen formed in the shaft of the catheter. The balloon catheter comes into contact with the wall of the stomach, and the stomach substantially conforms around the expanded balloon catheter. The heat exchange fluid is allowed to flow continuously into and out of the balloon catheter. Heat is exchanged between the balloon catheter and the stomach so as to controllably alter the temperature of at least a portion of the patient. Anti-shivering mechanisms and automatic control based on temperature feedback from the patient may be used in connection with the heat exchange system.
1. An esophageal heat exchange device comprising:
a heat transfer shaft insertable into an esophagus of a patient, the heat transfer shaft having a distal end configured to be positioned in a stomach of the patient during heat exchange therapy, the heat transfer shaft also having a first fluid lumen having a proximal end and a distal end and a second fluid lumen having a proximal end and a distal end, the first and second fluid lumens having a side by side configuration;
an input port for introducing a heat exchange medium into the proximal end of the first fluid lumen;
an output port for removing the heat exchange medium from the proximal end of the second fluid lumen; and
a non-inflatable cavity disposed at the distal end of the heat transfer shaft, the cavity in fluid communication with the first and second fluid lumens such that the heat exchange medium flows from the first fluid lumen to the second fluid lumen through the cavity.
2. The esophageal heat exchange device of claim 1 , further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the first fluid lumens, the pump configured to pump heat exchange medium through the first fluid lumen, into the non-inflatable cavity, and out of the second fluid lumen.
3. The esophageal heat exchange device of claim 2 , further comprising a master control unit housing a heater or cooler for adding or removing heat to/from the heat transfer shaft; and
wherein heat is exchanged between the esophagus and the heat exchange medium circulating in the heat transfer shaft so as to controllably alter the temperature of at least a portion of the patient.
4. The esophageal heat exchange device of claim 3 , further comprising a temperature sensor in communication with the master control unit.
5. The esophageal heat exchange device of claim 4 , wherein the master control controls the temperature of the heat exchange fluid flowing to the first fluid lumen based on signals received from the temperature sensor.
6. The esophageal heat exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange shaft is formed of a flexible material.
7. The esophageal heat exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange shaft is formed of a radiopaque material.
8. The esophageal heat exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange shaft is formed from a material visible to ultrasound.
9. The esophageal heat exchange device of claim 1 , wherein the cavity is formed from an inelastic material.
10. A heat exchange apparatus for removing heat from, or adding heat to, an esophagus of a patient, comprising:
a heat transfer shaft insertable into an esophagus of a patient, the heat transfer shaft including
a first fluid lumen having a proximal end and a distal end and
a second fluid lumen having a proximal end and a distal end,
the first fluid lumen and the second fluid lumen having a side by side configuration, and
a non-inflatable cavity disposed at a distal end of the heat transfer shaft, the cavity in fluid communication with the first and second fluid lumens such that a heat exchange fluid introduced into the proximal end of the first fluid lumen flows from the first fluid lumen through the cavity into the distal end of the second fluid lumen,
a pump in fluid communication with the first fluid lumen and the second fluid lumen, the pump configured to pump heat exchange fluid through the first fluid lumen and the second fluid lumen;
a master control unit housing a heater or cooler unit; and
wherein heat is exchanged between the esophagus and the heat exchange fluid circulating within the heat transfer shaft so as to controllably alter the temperature of at least a portion of the patient.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 , further comprising a temperature sensor in communication with the master control unit.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the master control controls the temperature of the heat exchange fluid flowing to the first fluid lumen in response to signals received from the temperature sensor.
13. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the heat transfer shaft is formed of a radiopaque material.
14. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the heat transfer shaft is formed from a material visible to ultrasound.
15. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the heat transfer shaft is formed of a flexible material.
16. The heat exchange apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the cavity is formed from an inelastic material.
17. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the heat transfer shaft is insertable into a stomach through the esophagus of the patient, the heat transfer shaft having a distal end configured to be positioned in the stomach of the patient during heat exchange therapy.