Allosteric inhibitors of thymidylate synthase
The current invention is directed to a class of compounds that inhibit the function of Thymidylate synthase. Thymidylate synthase inhibition was noted to result in inhibition of tumor cell grow and killing of tumor cells. Thymidylate synthase inhibition is, thus, useful for treatment of various types of cancers, including but not limited to, acute lymphoblatic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL), hairy cell leukemia, large cell immunoblastic lymphoma, plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, brain cancer, lung cancer, central nervous system (CNS) cancer, melanoma, renal cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. The compounds disclosed herein can be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatment regimens (e.g., radiation therapy and/or other chemotherapeutic agents that are administered to a subject having a tumor, cancer or neoplasia).
1. A method for treating cancer in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor,
wherein said one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor is a compound, selected from the group consisting of:
and salts thereof,
wherein the cancer is lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, or hematopoietic cancer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor is selective for cancer cells.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor is a compound selected from the group consisting of:
and a salt thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises administering radiation therapy and/or at least one additional anti-cancer agent.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the anti-cancer agent is a chemotherapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of anthracyclines; platinum-based chemotherapy drugs; 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cytarabine, floxuridine; biologic agents, kinase inhibitors; alkylating agents, and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the chemotherapeutic agent is:
a) an anthracycline selected from the group consisting of doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, aclarubicin, idarubicin, amrubicin, pirarubicin, valrubicin, zorubicin, carminomycin, and detorubicin;
b) a platinum-based chemotherapy drug selected from the group consisting of carboplatin, cisplatin, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, triplatin tetranitrate, and satraplatin;
c) a compound selected from the group consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cytarabine, and floxuridine;
d) an alkylating agent selected from the group consisting of cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, uramustine, ifosfamide, melphalan, bendamustine; nitrosourea compounds; busulfan; dacarbazine; procarbazine; altretamine; mitozolomide; and temozolomide;
e) biologic agents selected from the group consisting of epotin, opreleukin, filgrastim, pegfilgrastim, rituximab, trastuzumab, and aldesleukin; or
f) a tyrosine kinase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of sorafenib, sunitinib and imatinib.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hematopoietic cancer is acute lymphoblatic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL), hairy cell leukemia, large cell immunoblastic lymphoma, plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the nitrosourea compounds are selected from the group consisting of the group consisting of carmustine, lomustine, semustine, and streptozotocin.
10. A method for treating cancer in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor,
wherein said one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor is a compound, selected from the group consisting of:
and salts thereof,
wherein
R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently, a hydrogen atom, methyl, C 1 -C 5 branched or unbranched alkyl, amino, nitro, amidino, sulpho, sulphonamido, carboxy, cyano, phenyl, thienyl, pyrril, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, quinazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl group, C 1 -C 5 alkenyl, C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, C 2 -C 10 dialkylamino, hydroxy C 1 -C 5 alkyl, carbonyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or trifluoromethyl group;
R 2 is a hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, hydroxy, amino, sulpho, sulphonamido, carboxy, or cyano group;
X is a carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom at the indicated position;
Y is a carbon, nitrogen or oxygen atom at the indicated position;
and
L 1 and L 2 are each independently C 1 -C 5 alkylene, C 2 -C 5 alkenylene, amidino, or ureido linker; and
wherein the cancer is lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, or hematopoietic cancer.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor is a compound selected from the group consisting of:
and salts thereof,
wherein:
R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently, a hydrogen atom, methyl, C 1 -C 5 branched or unbranched alkyl, amino, nitro, amidino, sulpho, sulphonamido, carboxy, cyano, phenyl, thienyl, pyrril, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, quinazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl group, C 1 -C 5 alkenyl, C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, C 2 -C 10 dialkylamino, hydroxy C 1 -C 5 alkyl, carbonyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or trifluoromethyl group;
R 2 is a hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, hydroxy, amino, sulpho, sulphonamido, carboxy, or cyano group;
X is a carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom at the indicated position;
Y is a carbon, nitrogen or oxygen atom at the indicated position; and
L 1 and L 2 are each independently C 1 -C 5 alkylene, C 2 -C 5 alkenylene, amidino, or ureido linker.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor compounds is selected from the group consisting of:
and salts thereof,
wherein:
R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are independently, a hydrogen atom, methyl, C 1 -C 5 branched or unbranched alkyl, amino, nitro, amidino, sulpho, sulphonamido, carboxy, cyano, phenyl, thienyl, pyrril, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, quinazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl group, C 1 -C 5 alkenyl, C 1 -C 5 alkylamino, C 2 -C 10 dialkylamino, hydroxy C 1 -C 5 alkyl, carbonyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or trifluoromethyl group;
R 2 is a hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 5 alkyl, hydroxy, amino, sulpho, sulphonamido, carboxy, or cyano group;
X is a carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or sulphur atom at the indicated position;
Y is a carbon, nitrogen or oxygen atom at the indicated position; and
L 1 and L 2 are each independently C 1 -C 5 alkylene, C 2 -C 5 alkenylene, amidino, or ureido linker.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a hematopoietic cancer.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer overexpresses thymidylate synthase.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is refractory cancer or drug resistant cancer.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor is a compound of the formula:
and a salt thereof.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more thymidylate synthase inhibitor is a compound of the formula:
and a salt thereof.