Configurable polarimetric phased array transceiver architecture

1. A configurable phased array transceiver, comprising:

a first beamforming unit configured to provide a first beam;

a second beamforming unit configured to provide a second beam; and

a first bi-directional power controller configured to combine the first beam and the second beam into a single output or to split a single transmit input into two signals, one for each beam forming unit,

wherein each beamforming unit comprises a plurality of radio frequency (RF) front-ends, each front-end being configured to transmit or receive RF signals, and

wherein each beamforming unit is independently configurable to operate in a transmit (TX) or a receive (RX) mode, and

wherein the first bi-directional power controller comprises:

a first switch coupled to the first beamforming unit

a second switch coupled to the second beamforming unit

a splitter coupled between the first switch and the second switch and operative to provide a transmit path; and

a combiner coupled between the first switch and the second switch and operative to provide a receive path.

2. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 1 , further comprising:

a third beamforming unit configured to provide a third beam;

a fourth beamforming unit configured to provide a fourth beam; and

a second bi-directional power controller configured to combine the third beam and the fourth beam or to split a second single transmit input into two signals, one for the third beamforming unit and one for the fourth beamforming unit.

3. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 2 , wherein:

each beamforming unit includes N front-end elements; and

the first and second bi-directional power controllers are configured to provide one of:

two simultaneous 2 X N element beams both in transmit or receive mode;

four simultaneous beams comprising two N element beams in receive mode and two N element in transmit mode; and

three simultaneous beams comprising one 2 X N element beam in transmit or receive mode, one N element in receive mode and one N element in transmit mode.

4. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 2 , wherein:

the first and second beamforming units are configured to provide signals on a horizontal polarization plane;

the third and fourth beamforming units are configured to provide signals on a vertical polarization plane; and

signal paths of the first and second beamforming units are independent from signal paths of the third and fourth beamforming units.

5. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 4 , wherein:

the first and second beamforming units being configured to provide the signal on the horizontal polarization plane comprises: the first and second beamforming units being configured to provide an independent signal path for horizontal antenna ports of each RF front-end of the first and second beamforming units; and

the third and fourth beamforming units being configured to provide the signal on the vertical polarization plane comprises the third and fourth beamforming units being configured to provide an independent signal path for vertical antenna ports of each RF front-end of the third and fourth beamforming units.

6. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 4 , wherein each beamforming unit is bi-directional.

7. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 1 , wherein the phased array transceiver is configured to transmit and receive signals simultaneously.

8. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 1 , wherein the TX and RX modes are supported in a time division duplex (TDD) architecture.

9. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 1 , wherein each front-end comprises:

a first switch coupled to an antenna;

a receive (RX) path coupled between the first switch and a second switch, the RX path comprising:

one or more low noise amplifiers coupled to the first switch; and

a first variable gain amplifier coupled between the second switch and the one or more low noise amplifiers;

a transmit (TX) path coupled between the first switch and the second switch, the RX path comprising:

a second variable gain amplifier coupled to the switch; and

one or more power amplifiers coupled between the second variable gain amplifier and the first switch; and

a phase shifter coupled between the second switch and a summation element.

10. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 9 , wherein the first and second variable gain amplifiers each provide a 1-bit 180° phase shift.

11. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 9 , wherein the phase shifter is a transmission line based loss invariant 5 bit 5° phase shifter.

12. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 9 , wherein the one or more power amplifiers are in cascode.

13. The configurable phased array transceiver of claim 12 , wherein the second bi-directional power controller comprises:

a third switch coupled to the third beamforming unit;

a fourth switch coupled to the fourth beamforming unit;

a splitter coupled between the third switch and the fourth switch and operative to provide a transmit path; and

a combiner coupled between the third switch and the fourth switch and operative to provide a receive path.

14. A method of providing a configurable phased array transceiver, comprising:

providing a first beam via a first beamforming unit;

providing a second beam via a second beamforming unit;

providing a first bi-directional power controller configured to combine the first beam and the second beam or to split a single transmit input into two signals, one for each beamforming unit;

providing a third beam via a third beamforming unit;

providing a fourth beam via a fourth beamforming unit; and

providing a second bi-directional power controller configured to combine the third beam and the fourth beam or to split a second single transmit input into two signals, one for the third beamforming unit and one for the fourth beamforming unit,

wherein each beamforming unit comprises a plurality of radio frequency (RF) front-ends, each front-end configured to transmit and receive RF signals,

wherein each beamforming unit is independently configurable to operate in a transmit (TX) or a receive (RX) mode,

wherein the first and second beamforming units provide signals on a horizontal polarization plane;

wherein the third and fourth beamforming units provide signals on a vertical polarization plane; and

wherein signal paths of the first and second beamforming units are independent from signal paths of the third and fourth beamforming units.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein:

providing the signals on the horizontal polarization plane comprises: the first and second beamforming units providing an independent signal path for horizontal antenna ports of each RF front-end of the first and second beamforming units; and

providing the signals on the vertical polarization plane comprises: the third and fourth beamforming units providing an independent signal path for vertical antenna ports of each RF front-end of the third and fourth beamforming units.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the phased array transceiver is configured to transmit and receive signals simultaneously.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the TX and RX modes are provided via a time division duplex (TDD) architecture.

18. A configurable phased array transceiver, comprising:

a first beamforming unit configured to provide a first beam;

a second beamforming unit configured to provide a second beam;

a first bi-directional power controller configured to combine the first beam and the second beam into a single output or to split a single transmit input into two signals, one for each beam forming unit;

a third beamforming unit configured to provide a third beam;

a fourth beamforming unit configured to provide a fourth beam; and

a second bi-directional power controller configured to combine the third beam and the fourth beam or to split a second single transmit input into two signals, one for the third beamforming unit and one for the fourth beamforming unit,

wherein each beamforming unit comprises a plurality of radio frequency (RF) front-ends, each front-end being configured to transmit or receive RF signals,

wherein each beamforming unit is independently configurable to operate in a transmit (TX) or a receive (RX) mode,

wherein the first and second beamforming units are configured to provide signals on a horizontal polarization plane,

wherein the third and fourth beamforming units are configured to provide signals on a vertical polarization plane, and

wherein signal paths of the first and second beamforming units are independent from signal paths of the third and fourth beamforming units.