System and method for monitoring and controlling nervous system behavior using autonomic features

1. A system for stimulating the central nervous system via a peripheral nerve input into the autonomic nervous system of a human patient in accordance with the state of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, comprising:

monitoring means for continuously monitoring an index of parasympathetic nervous system behavior of the patient;

stimulating means for stimulating the autonomic nervous system, wherein the stimulating means stimulates the vagus nerve or trigeminal nerve so that the central nervous system is affected; and

controlling means operatively connected to the monitoring means and to the stimulating means, the controlling means continuously regulating the stimulating means in a manner that said autonomic nervous system is stimulated in accordance with the monitored index of parasympathetic nervous system behavior of the patient,

wherein the monitored index comprises respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and, optionally, further comprises hippus variability, skin conductance, blood pressure, blood pressure variability or heart rate, and

wherein the controlling means regulates the stimulating means to provide minimal stimulation intensity to increase the monitored index via effects on the central nervous system while not causing patient discomfort.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stimulating means stimulates the vagus nerve.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the stimulating means stimulates the trigeminal nerve.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the monitored index comprises respiratory hippus variability.

5. The system of claim 1 , further including means for suspending stimulation of the autonomic nervous system.

6. The system of claim 5 , said suspending means being manually operated by the patient.

7. The system of claim 5 , said suspending means being automatically operated by patient activity that exceeds a predetermined or dynamically determined threshold intensity.

8. The system of claim 5 , said suspending means being automatically operated by passage of time.

9. A method of controlled stimulation of the central nervous system in a human patient, comprising:

monitoring an index of parasympathetic, sympathetic, or derived index of autonomic nervous system behavior of the patient, wherein the monitored index comprises respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and, optionally, further comprises hippus variability, skin conductance, blood pressure, blood pressure variability or heart rate;

determining, based upon said monitoring, whether stimulation of said autonomic nervous system is required;

when stimulation of said autonomic nervous system is required, stimulating said autonomic nervous system as required by said determining step, wherein stimulating said autonomic nervous system comprises stimulating the vagus or trigeminal nerves so that the central nervous system is affected;

continuing to monitor the index of parasympathetic nervous system behavior of the patient; and

controlling stimulation of said autonomic nervous system in accordance with an index of parasympathetic nervous system behavior of the patient,

wherein stimulating comprises providing minimal stimulation intensity to the central nervous system through the autonomic nervous system to thereby increase the monitored index while not causing patient discomfort.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said controlling step comprises: adjusting intensity of the stimulation; and turning the stimulation on and off.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the adjusting step is carried out by varying at least one of: stimulation waveform shape; stimulation amplitude; and stimulation frequency.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein said stimulating step comprises the step of stimulating the patient's vagus nerve.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein said stimulating step comprises the step of stimulating the patient's trigeminal nerve.

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein said controlling step further comprises terminating stimulation of said autonomic nervous system when the physical activity of the patient exceeds a predetermined threshold.

15. A method of stimulating the autonomic nervous system in a human to affect anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or chronic pain in the human, comprising:

monitoring a bodily function, wherein the bodily function comprises respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and, optionally, further comprises hippus variability, skin conductance, blood pressure, blood pressure variability or heart rate;

determining, based upon said monitoring of said bodily function, whether stimulation of said autonomic nervous system is required; if stimulation of said autonomic nervous system is required, stimulating said autonomic nervous system as required by said determining step so that the central nervous system if affected;

continuing to monitor said bodily function; and

controlling stimulation of said autonomic nervous system in accordance with said bodily function, wherein controlling stimulation comprises providing minimal stimulation intensity to increase the bodily function while not causing patient discomfort, wherein stimulating the autonomic nervous system stimulates the central nervous system so as to affect anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder or chronic pain in the human patient.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the bodily function comprises a measure of heart rate variability.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the bodily function comprises a measure of skin conductance.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the bodily function comprises respiratory hippus variability.