Functionalized linear ligands and complexes thereof

1. A compound having a structure selected from:

wherein

Y 1 and Y 2 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and

substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;

B s1 , B s2 , B s3 , and B s4 , are independently selected from N, CR s , B, SiR s , and P;

wherein R s is selected from H and unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 alkyl;

L A1 , L A2 , L A3 , and L A4 , are independently selected from a bond, —C(O)—, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl;

L s1 and L s3 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 alkyl; and

L s2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 3 , C 4 , and C 5 alkyl;

wherein at least one of L s1 , L s2 , and L s3 is substituted with said linker; and

A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4 , are chelating moieties having a structure independently selected from

wherein

A and G are independently selected from carbon, nitrogen and oxygen;

J is selected from carbon and nitrogen;

each R 1 and R 2 is independently selected from H, and a single negative charge;

each R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 is independently selected from a bond to L A1 , L A2 , L A3 , L A4 , alkanediyl attached to L A1 , L A2 , L A3 , and L A4 H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, halogen, CN, —CF 3 , —C(O)R 17 , —SO 2 NR 17 R 18 , —NR 17 R 18 , —OR 17 , —S(O) 2 R 17 , —COOR 17 , —S(O) 2 OR 17 , —OC(O)R 17 , —C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —(CH 2 ) m C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —O(CH 2 ) m C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —NR 17 C(O)R 18 , —NR 17 SO 2R 18 , and —NO 2 ,

 wherein

 at least two of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 are optionally joined to form a ring system selected from substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

 m is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6;

 R 17 and R 18 are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl and substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl; and

 R 17 and R 18 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, are optionally joined to form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring;

when A is oxygen, R 9 is not present; and

when G is oxygen, R 7 is not present;

A 1 is attached to L A1 through a member selected from R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 ;

A 2 is attached to L A2 through a member selected from R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 ;

A 3 is attached to L A3 through a member selected from R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 ; and

A 4 is attached to L A4 through a member selected from R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 ;

wherein said compound comprises a linker.

2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein

when A 1 has a structure according to formula (I), A 1 is attached to L A1 through R 6 or R 10 ;

when A 1 has a structure according to formula (II) or (III), A 1 is attached to L A1 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 2 has a structure according to formula (I), A 2 is attached to L A2 through R 6 or R 10 ;

when A 2 has a structure according to formula (II) or (III), A 2 is attached to L A2 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 3 has a structure according to formula (I), A 3 is attached to L A3 through R 6 or R 10 ;

when A 3 has a structure according to formula (II) or (III), A 3 is attached to L A3 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 4 has a structure according to formula (I), A 4 is attached to L A4 through R 6 or R 10 ; and

when A 4 has a structure according to formula (II) or (III), A 4 is attached to L A4 through R 6 or R 9 .

3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4 are each independently selected from:

4. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein

when A 1 has a structure according to formula (1), A 1 is attached to L A1 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 1 has a structure according to formula (2a), (2b), (3), (4) or (5), A 1 is attached to L A1 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 2 has a structure according to formula (1), A 2 is attached to L A2 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 2 has a structure according to formula (2a), (2b), (3), (4) or (5), A 2 is attached to L A2 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 3 has a structure according to formula (1), A 3 is attached to L A3 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 3 has a structure according to formula (2a), (2b), (3), (4) or (5), A 3 is attached to L A3 through R 6 or R 9 ;

when A 4 has a structure according to formula (1), A 4 is attached to L A4 through R 6 or R 10 ; and

when A 4 has a structure according to formula (2a), (2b), (3), (4) or (5), A 4 is attached to L A4 through R 6 or R 9 .

5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4 are each independently selected from:

6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein B s1 , B s2 , B s3 , and B s4 are each N.

7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L A1 , L A2 , L A3 , and L A4 are independently selected from a bond, —C(O)—, —(CH 2 ) a C(O)—, and —O(CH 2 ) a C(O)—; wherein a is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

8. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L A1 , L A2 , L A3 , and L A4 are the same.

9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein L A1 , L A2 , L A3 , and L A4 are each —C(O)—.

10. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Y 1 and Y 2 are each H.

11. The compound according to claim 1 , having the structure

wherein L x1 is said linker.

12. The compound according to claim 1 , having the structure

wherein L x2 is said linker.

13. The compound according to claim 1 , having the structure

wherein

Y 1 is substituted alkyl comprising said linker;

Y 2 is H;

B s1 , B s2 , B s3 , and B s4 are N;

L s1 , L s2 , and L s3 are each independently selected from unsubstituted C 3 -C 4 alkyl;

L A1 , L A2 , L A3 , and L A4 are —C(O)—; and

A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , and A 4 are chelating moieties having the structure

wherein R 9 is H.

14. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein said linker has the structure -L 11 -X,

wherein L 11 is selected from a bond, acyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and

X is selected from a reactive functional group, a protected functional group, and a targeting moiety.

15. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein said linker has the structure:

wherein R L is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl; and X is selected from a reactive functional group, a protected functional group, and a targeting moiety.

16. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein said linker has a structure selected from:

17. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein, R 6 , or R 9 of each chelating moiety comprises a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, halogen, CN, —CF 3 , —C(O)R 17 , —SO 2 NR 17 R 18 , —NR 17 R 18 , —OR 17 , —S(O) 2 R 17 , —COOR 17 , —S(O) 2 OR 17 , —OC(O)R 17 , —C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —(CH 2 ) m C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —O(CH 2 ) m C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —NR 17 C(O)R 8 , —NR 17 SO 2 R 18 , and —NO 2 .

18. The compound according to claim 17 , wherein R 6 , or R 9 of each chelating moiety is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl and a substituted or unsubstituted polyether.

19. The compound according to claim 1 , having a structure selected from:

wherein

L x1 , L x2 , L x3 , L x4 , and L x5 are independently selected from H and a linker, with the proviso that at least one of L x1 , L 2 , L x3 , L x4 , and L x5 is said linker; and

each R 6 and R 9 comprises a member selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, halogen, CN, —CF 3 , —C(O)R 17 , —SO 2 NR 17 R 18 , —NR 17 R 18 , —OR 17 , —S(O) 2 R 17 , —COOR 17 , —S(O) 2 OR 17 , —OC(O)R 17 , —C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —(CH 2 ) m C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —O(CH 2 ) m C(O)NR 17 R 18 , —NR 17 C(O)R 18 , —NR 17 SO 2 R 18 , and —NO 2 .

20. The compound according to claim 1 , having a structure selected from:

wherein R L is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl; and X is a reactive functional group or a targeting moiety.

21. The compound according to claim 20 , wherein —R L —X has a structure selected from:

22. A complex comprising a compound according to claim 1 and a metal ion.

23. The complex according to claim 22 , wherein the metal is selected from a lanthanide, an actinide, yttrium (Y), and zirconium (Zr).

24. The complex according to claim 22 , wherein the metal is selected from post-transition metals, metalloids, indium (In), gallium (Ga) and bismuth (Bi).

25. The complex according to claim 22 , wherein said complex is luminescent.

26. The complex according to claim 23 , wherein said lanthanide is luminescent.

27. The complex according to claim 23 , wherein said lanthanide is selected from terbium (Tb), europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), and samarium (Sm).

28. The complex according to claim 23 , wherein said lanthanide is gadolinium (Gd).

29. The complex according to claim 23 , wherein said actinide is thorium (Th).

30. The complex according to claim 22 , wherein the metal is a radionuclide.

31. The complex according to claim 30 , wherein said metal is selected from 177 Lu, 166 Ho, 153 Sm, 90 Y, 86 Y, 166 Dy, 165 Dy, 169 Er, 175 Yb, 225 Ac, 149 Tb, 153 Gd, and 230 U.

32. The complex according to claim 30 , wherein said metal ion is 227 Th(IV), 89 Zr(IV), 177 Lu(III), or 225 Ac(III).